Microscopic investigation of the use of gallium nitrate for root surface treatment in rat teeth submitted to delayed replantation

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of gallium nitrate solution, an anti-resorption substance, when applied for root surface treatment in rat teeth submitted to delayed replantation, in order to inhibit the root resorption process and enhance repair. For such purpose, 20 maxillary right central incisors of rats were randomly assigned to 2 groups (n=10). In group I, root surface was treated with 10 -4 M gallium nitrate solution for 20 min, while in group II root surface was treated with 2% sodium fluoride for 20 min. All root canals were filled with a calcium hydroxide-based paste. At 15 and 60 days after replantation, the animals were killed and the specimens were processed in laboratory for light transmission microscopy. In both groups, there was mild occurrence of ankylosis and root resorption. The connective tissue formed at the periodontal ligament area was arranged parallel to the root in most specimens in both groups and presented signs of inflammation. In group I, there was periodontal pocket formation in all specimens at 60 days, revealing lack of repair. These findings contraindicate the use of gallium nitrate for root surface treatment of teeth submitted to late replantation.

Effect of zoledronic acid used in the root surface treatment of late replanted teeth: a study in rats

“…In addition to being more resistant to resorption, cementum does not allow bacterial toxins to penetrate deeply (9), thus the cleanness should be superficial. After this initial cleanness, the tooth should be immersed in sodium fluoride solution because this, in addition to strengthening the dental structure by forming fluorapatite, is still toxic for the resorptive cells of the hard tissue (2,6,10,11). The intracanal dressing of choice is calcium hydroxide (9,12), due to its antimicrobial and anti-resorptive characteristics.…”

Delayed tooth replantation: MTA as root canal filling

“…This may be attributed to the faster and continuous alkalinization of dentin substrate produced by the Ca(OH) 2 paste, which temporarily inhibits the action of clastic cells. 3,18 However, the progression of dentoalveolar ankylosis into replacement root resorption occurs as a natural consequence of the typical phenomena involved in bone biopathology. 19 The velocity of this progression and the velocity of replacement resorption may vary depending on the persistence and frequency of the inductor stimulus, in addition to probable associations with concomitant inflammatory processes resulting from the traumatic injury itself or infections of endodontic or periodontal origins.…”

Effect of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and hyaluronic acid on the viability and cytokine expression of periodontal ligament fibroblasts

“…The most important factors affecting root resorption and ankylosis are the time period of extra‐oral exposure and the storage medium of the avulsed tooth . If the exposure time is longer than 15‐20 minutes without moisture, the periodontal ligament cells are probably no longer viable, and the root should be treated to prevent root resorption and to promote tissue repair …”

“…The most important factors affecting root resorption and ankylosis are the time period of extra-oral exposure and the storage medium of the avulsed tooth. 7 If the exposure time is longer than 15-20 minutes without moisture, the periodontal ligament cells are probably no longer viable, and the root should be treated to prevent root resorption and to promote tissue repair. 3,8 Trisodium salt ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) is a chelant with lubricating properties 9 which causes wettability to the dentin surface and has been studied as a promoter of cell adhesion to dental root surfaces in late avulsion and replantation processes.…”