Biometric study of furcation area of first maxillary molars

Abstract

The present investigation was designed to study the distance from the 3 bifurcation entrances to their opposite roots, and also the virtual center of the trifurcation (TC), which is equidistant from each bifurcation entrance, of maxillary molars. Thirty-five teeth devoid of any surface damage or fused roots were selected. Roots were included in acrylic resin and cross-sectioned at the cementoenamel junction to the apex using a rotary diamond blade and 0.45-mm slices were obtained. A profile projector apparatus was used to obtain the coordinated points on a Cartesian plane, which allowed the calculation of all distances present using analytic geometric formulas. Based on statistical analysis (comparison by Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA test, p<0.05), the following results were obtained: 1) mean distance from the buccal furcation reaching the palatal root was 6.72 +/- 0.99 mm (range 4.73-8.67 mm); 2) mean distance from the mesial and distal furcations to the distal and mesial roots were 5.42 +/- 0.83 mm (range 3.78-7.07 mm) and 5.90 +/- 0.87 mm (range 4.18-7.59 mm), respectively. All means were determined up to the point of 1.40 mm from each bifurcation opening; 3) mean distance of TC was 4.26 +/- 0.42 mm (range 3.44-5.08 mm) for all levels.

Furcation Groove of Maxillary First Premolar, Thickness, and Dentin Structures

“…A profile digital projector (PRAZIS) was used for obtaining measurements; this equipment has been previously used in dental research (24)(25)(26), in periodontics for the study of furcation anatomy (27), and in endodontics to test gutta-percha points and root canal filling materials microleakages (28,29).…”

A combination of endodontic therapy and root resection in furcation involvement case

“…Root resections may be the treatment of choice when the proximity to anatomical landmarks (eg, maxillary sinus, mandibular canal) limits the amount of bone available for dental implants. 6 In this case report, furthermore, the patient had furcation involvement degree IV, in which gingival recession. The type of the treatment of furcation involvement degree IV can be the combination of restorative endodontic therapy and surgical therapy.…”

“…5 Because of the high incidence of furcation involvement in maxillary teeth and the anatomy and relation of the first and second molars, the root most commonly resected is the disto-buccal root of the maxillary first molar. 6 It is generally agreed that whenever possible, endodontic treatment should be performed before a root resection. This facilitates the performance of the endodontic obturation and allows the endodontist to determine whether the canals can be adequately instrumented.…”

“…In addition, performing endodontic treatment before a root resection may minimize the potential for postoperative pain. 4,6 Root resection can be a valuable procedure when the tooth in question has a very high strategic value or when specific problems exist that cannot be solved by any other therapeutic approach. Root resections may be the treatment of choice when the proximity to anatomical landmarks (eg, maxillary sinus, mandibular canal) limits the amount of bone available for dental implants.…”