Kinetics and mechanism of chlorate-chloride reaction

Abstract

O estudo cinético da reação clorato-cloreto foi feito acompanhando-se a formação do ClO 2 • por espectroscopia UV-Vis. Para permitir comparação com resultados da literatura, a velocidade inicial foi medida após pequeno período de indução. The kinetics of chlorate-chloride reaction was studied following the formation of ClO 2 • by UV-Vis spectroscopy. For comparison with other results in the literature, the initial rate was measured after small induction period. The results show a special effect of a saturation profile for the initial chloride concentration, suggesting the formation of the intermediate Cl 2 O 3 2-. At low chloride concentration, the reaction orders for chlorate, chloride and H + were 1.03 ± 0.05, 1.02 ± 0.03 and 2.80 ± 0.03, respectively. These order values must be considered with care because they were calculated using the maximum rate values after induction period. In fact, the presence of this induction period indicates that the system is complex. Then, a mechanism was proposed to explain the experimental results, and includes the reaction between two ClOClO to form ClO 2 •. It was able to model the experimental curves at different [H + ] 0 and at low and high [Cl -] 0 .

Comparison between OCl−-Injection and In Situ Electrochlorination in the Formation of Chlorate and Perchlorate in Seawater

“…The kinds and concentrations of CBPs depend on several factors, such as oxidant contact time, organic and inorganic contents, reaction temperature, and solution pH [17,[28][29][30][31][32]. If chlorine is added to seawater via direct OCl − -injection or the electrochemical process, chlorite, chlorate, or perchlorate can be generated through the following reactions (Equations ( 8)- (20) in Table 2) (Figure 4) [11,13,[33][34][35][36].…”

Energy cycle based on a high specific energy aqueous flow battery and its potential use for fully electric vehicles and for direct solar-to-chemical energy conversion

“…The process is rather complex (the corresponding reactions for chlorine being even more complex) [60][61][62][63] [73,74].…”

The Chlorate-Iodine-Nitrous Acid Clock Reaction

“…We were able to simulate the experimental results only after reduce this rate constant to 1.8×10 −2 L 3 mol −3 s −1 (the order of the reaction was changed also; see next paragraph for explanation). Based on the proposed mechanism for the chlorate-chloride reaction [10] , it can be considered that the presence of chloride is able to turn chlorate into more reactive species like ClOClO. This may justify the use of a lower rate constant in our system that does not contain HCl.…”