Environmental influence on phenols and essential oils of Myrciaria cauliflora leaves

Abstract

O conteúdo foliar de fenóis totais e de taninos, bem como a composição química dos óleos essenciais em populações de Myrciaria cauliflora cultivadas em seis diferentes sítios de amostragem indicou a presença de quatro grupos de amostras de acordo com as características químicas da folha e do solo de cultivo. O grupo I incluiu as amostras oriundas do solo franco-arenoso (S1), caracterizado pela maior e menor percentagem de g-eudesmol (11,55%) e germacreno D (20,48%), respectivamente, e alto conteúdo de fenóis totais (136,68 mg g -1 ) e taninos (60,72 mg g -1 ). O grupo II, rico em elemol (4,61%), incluiu as amostras cultivadas nos solos franco-arenoso-argilosos (S2, S3 e S6), enquanto que as amostras dos solos argilosos S4 (grupo III) e S5 (grupo IV) apresentaram as mais elevadas percentagens de germacreno D (III: 27,20%; IV: 26,83%) e os mais baixos teores de elemol (2,12-2,55%), fenóis totais (79,69 e 111,77 mg g -1 ) e taninos (34,04 e 44,51 mg g -1 ). A análise de redundância canônica revelou como o balanço de nutrientes do solo e das folhas influenciou a distribuição dos constituintes químicos nos diferentes agrupamentos. A variação química parece ser determinada por fatores ambientais.Foliar contents of total phenols and tannins and the essential oil composition of Myrciaria cauliflora populations cultivated in six sampling sites have shown the presence of four clusters related to soil types and foliar nutrients. Cluster I included samples which originated from sandy loam soil (S1) with the highest and lowest percentages of g-eudesmol (11.55%) and germacrene D (20.48%), respectively, as well as high total phenol (136.68 mg g -1 ) and tannin (60.72 mg g -1 ) contents. Cluster II, rich in elemol (4.61%), included all the samples cultivated from clay sand loam soils (S2, S3, and S6), whereas clay soils S4 (cluster III) and S5 (cluster IV) had the highest amounts of germacrene D (III: 27.20%; IV: 26.83%) and the lowest levels of elemol (2.12-2.55%), total phenols (79.69 and 111.77 mg g -1 ), and tannins (34.04 and 44.51 mg g -1 ). The canonical redundancy analysis revealed the relationship between chemical balances in the soil and leaf nutrients in different clusters. Chemovariations may be environmentally determined.Keywords: Myrciaria cauliflora, essential oil, phenol, chemical variability, environmental influence, multivariate analysis Introduction Jaboticaba, also known as guaperu or sabara, is a small native Brazilian fruit of the cauliflorus Myrtle (Myrtaceae). It is grape-like in appearance and texture, although its skin is thicker and tougher, and its color varies from grown to deep purple or black due to high anthocyanin content. 1 The ripened berries are highly perishable -postharvest decay occurs within 2-3 days -which is a problem for both transport and storage. 2 The plant is distributed in southern and central Brazilian regions and consists of about nine species of trees and shrubs, among which Myrciaria cauliflora (Mart.) O. Berg. and M. jaboticaba (Vell.) O. Berg. are the most widely cultivated ...

Influence of spatial, edaphic and genetic factors on phenols and essential oils of Myrciaria cauliflora fruits

“…(Asteraceae) in a more acidic medium. 16 Similarly to described correlations in essential oils of M. cauliflora leaves, 5 sesquiterpene hydrocarbons showed a divalent metal ion requirement (especially Mg 2+ ) as a cofactor of sesquiterpene synthases. In peppermint, δ-cadinene is produced by (E)-b-farnesene synthase in the presence of Mg 2+ ions.…”

“…3,4 Two depsides were identified in a bioactivity-guided fractionation, both of which exhibited antiradical activity in DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) assay, colon cancer cell cytotoxicity and inhibition of interleukin IL-8 production, suggesting anti-inflammatory activity. 3 Leaf essential oils were recently described and showed mainly sesquiterpenes, 5 a trend that has been observed in other Myrtaceae genera such as Myrcia, Eugenia and Psidium. 6 However, the major constituent in the leaf essential oil was γ-eudesmol, which is an unusual oil constituent for the Myrtaceae family.…”

“…These mainly focus on Eugenia (4), Campomanesia (2) and Psidium (2) genera. 6 Unlike the M. dubia (Kunth) McVaugh fruit (Amazonian camu-camu), whose essential oils did not markedly differ from leaf oils, 10 M. cauliflora fruit (Table 1) showed higher relative abundances in γ-eudesmol (average range of 34.4-39.7%; leaf oil, 5 8-12%), total monoterpenes (11.9-16.9%; leaf oil, 2-4%) and α-eudesmol (13.5-15.4%; leaf oil, 10-13%), but lower germacrene D content (4.0-6.0%; leaf oil, 20-27%). However, nearly half of the abundances in b-eudesmol (7.8-10.5%), (E)-caryophyllene (4.4-6.1%) and bicyclogermacrene (3.1-5.6%) was observed in fruit oils in comparison to leaf ones.…”

“…This work complements the one performed on essential oils and phenols of Jaboticaba leaves for the detection of interesting phenotypes for agroindustrial use. 5 Phenolics and volatile compounds have been described as responsible for some organoleptic properties of the Jaboticaba wine, such as color, astringent taste and aroma. 2 Indeed, the use of chemical markers together with genetic or adaptative traits should lead to improved fruit cultivars and to a more effective process of rational economic exploitation of native fructiferous species from the Brazilian Cerrado.…”

“…Essential oil constituents and phenolic contents from leaves showed high chemical polymorphism according to sampling sites. 5 Phenotypic variations in essential oils and phenolics are well known among species and within individuals of the same species. The levels as well as the quality of both chemical classes can be modified by genetic or environmental factors.…”