Particle-associated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in a suburban region of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, with industrial and traffic emissions

Abstract

. The same most abundant compounds were obtained in PM10 samples and a total mean mass of 8.99 ng m -3 was determined. Diagnostic ratios were calculated and vehicular emissions were determined as the potential sources for PAHs in particulate matter. The contribution of both light duty and diesel engines is significant, but the cluster and factorial analysis failed to classify clearly in gasoline or diesel emissions.

Simultaneous evaluation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and carbonyl compounds in the atmosphere of Niterói City, RJ, Brazil

“…The mean SPAH found in TSP and PM10 in Niter oi were 2e30 times lower than previously found in Brazilian cities that represent important economical centers (São Paulo, Rio Janeiro and Porto Alegre) and in São Bernardo (Tubarão, SC, Brazil), in the neighborhood of the João Lacerda thermoelectric facility, which is the largest one in the Latin America. They were comparable to previously data found in green areas of Brazilian megacities (e.g., Quinta da Boa Vista, Rio de Janeiro) (Azevedo et al, 1999), and small or medium cities (e.g., dos Santos et al, 2004;Marques et al, 2009;Stroher et al, 2007;Dallarosa et al, 2008;da Rocha et al, 2009;Froehner et al, 2010).…”

“…Vehicular emission was previously assigned as the main source of atmospheric PAH in Niter oi City (Pereira Netto et al, 2001, 2002aLima and Pereira Netto, 2009 The ratios of the concentrations of certain PAH have been used for source apportionment (IPCS, 1998;Ravindra et al, 2008;Marques et al, 2009). Therefore, the similar ratios found in PM10 and TSP (Table 2) would indicate similar emission sources.…”

Optimization of a Low Volume Extraction Method to Determine Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Aerosol Samples

“…Another extraction method commonly used for the determination of PAHs in particulate matter by GC-MS is the one based on the ultrasonic extraction method number 3550C described by USEPA-United States Environmental Protection Agency (2007). In this method, four extractions with 50 ml of dichloromethane are performed in an ultrasonic bath, each for 15 min, followed by an additional extraction with 100 ml of dichloromethane for 20 min (Machado et al, 2009;Marques et al, 2009). This method is less time-consuming, compared to Soxhlet extraction, and the total extraction time is similar to that of the method proposed here.…”

“…The extraction methods reported in the literature for use with GC-MS usually involve the use of high volumes of organic solvents (>300 ml) and lengthy extraction procedures to enable the detection and quantification of these molecules (Guo et al, 2003;Machado et al, 2009;Marques et al, 2009;Alves et al, 2011;de Oliveira Alves et al, 2015;Song et al, 2018). Several organic solvents have already been used individually or in mixtures to extract PAHs and derivatives from PM, such as acetone, acetonitrile, dichloromethane, hexane, methanol and toluene (Santos et al, 2016;Balducci et al, 2018;Ma et al, 2020;Nováková et al, 2020;Hong et al, 2021;Lim et al, 2021).…”

Determinação de compostos orgânicos no aerossol atmosférico em sítios da América do Sul

“…No Brasil diversos trabalhos em regiões de floresta têm sido realizados no sentido de caracterização de componentes dos aerossóis (Artaxo et al, 2000;Maenhaut et al, 2002) e de compostos orgânicos (Krauss et al, 2005). Existem ainda trabalhos sobre determinação de HPA e nitro-HPA encontrados em material particulado da atmosfera amazônica em época de queimadas e também em áreas com intensas contribuições de emissões antrópicas (Ciccioli et al, 1996;Vasconcellos et al, 1998;Dallarosa et al, 2005;Allen et al, 2008;da Rocha et al, 2009;Marques et al, 2009 ).…”