Molecular dynamics of the interaction of Plasmodium falciparum and human serine hydroxymethyltransferase with 5-formyl-6-hydrofolic acid analogues: design of new potential antimalarials

Abstract

A Serina Hidroximetiltransferase de Plasmodium falciparum nunca foi vista como alvo para a quimioterapia antimalarial, possivelmente devido a sua grande similaridade seqüencial com a enzima humana. Esta similaridade sugere que este parasita pode ser incapaz de mutar esta enzima para desenvolver resistência à quimioterapia. Neste trabalho, diferenças observadas no comportamento dinâmico dos sítios ativos da estrutura cristalográfica da enzima humana e um modelo, por homologia, da enzima do parasita, ambos complexados com glicina, como N-glicina-[3-hidróxi-2-metil-5-fosfonooximetil-piridin-4-il-metano], e ácido 5-formil-6-hidrofólico, foram utilizadas para o planejamento de inibidores seletivos desta enzima como novos potenciais antimalariais. Estes potenciais inibidores são derivados do ácido 5-formil-6-hidrofólico com diferentes cargas e comprimentos de cauda. Simulações por dinâmica molecular e estimativas das energias de interação dos compostos nos sítios ativos de ambas as enzimas mostraram que os compostos com carga líquida negativa e caudas curtas ou caudas longas e anfóteras, seriam potencialmente mais seletivos em relação à enzima do parasita.Plasmodium falciparum Serine Hydroxymethyltransferase has never been used as target for antimalarial chemotherapy, possibly because its great sequence similarity with the human enzyme. This similarity suggests implies that P. falciparum may not be able to mutate this enzyme to develop resistance for chemotherapy. In this work, we have used differences on the dynamic behavior of the active sites of the crystallographic structure of the human enzyme and a homology model of parasite's enzyme, both in complex with glycine, as N-glycine-[3-hydroxy-2-methyl-5-phosphonooxymethyl-pyridin-4-yl-methane] and 5-formyl-6-hydrofolic acid, to design prototypes for selective inhibitors of this enzyme as new potential antimalarials. Those potential inhibitors are 5-formyl-6-hydrofolic acid derivatives with different charges and tail lengths. Molecular dynamics simulations and interaction energy estimates of the compounds within the active sites of both enzymes showed that compounds with a negative net charge and either shorter tails or longer amphoteric tails, would be more selective towards pfSHMT.

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