Factorial Design Evaluation of Some Experimental Factors for Phenols Oxidation using Crude Extracts from Jackfruit (Artocarpus integrifolia)

Abstract

Este estudo apresenta algumas informações adicionais sobre a utilização alternativa do extrato bruto da jaca, em reações de oxidação seletivas de fenóis. Foram avaliados os substratos catecol, o-, me p-cresóis e pirogalol. Estudaram-se também os efeitos do pH, da concentração do tampão fosfato, bem como a utilização de alguns tipos de agentes extratores de biofenóis. Utilizando-se o procedimento convencional univariado, a atividade enzimática foi maior com o substrato catecol, em tampão fosfato pH 5,0, de concentração 0,10 mol L -1 e agente comercial extrator de fenóis Polyclar SB-100 â . Usando-se um planejamento fatorial, do tipo 2 3 , constatou-se que os melhores desempenhos catalíticos foram em pH 5,0 e concentração de tampão 0,050 mol L -1 , para o substrato catecol. A variação no tipo de extrator não mostrou importância estatística. Pelo método multivariado, obtiveram-se os melhores resultados para a oxidação seletiva do catecol. Assim, conclui-se que para aumentar o desempenho catalítico do extrato, deve-se utilizar preferencialmente a metodologia multivariada.This study presents some additional information on the alternative utilization of Jackfruit crude extracts in selective phenol oxidation reactions, using catechol and the o-, m-e p-cresols and pyrogallol substracts. The effects of pH, concentration of phosphate buffer and kinds of natural phenol extractors are evaluated. By using the conventional univariate procedure, the best enzymatic activities were obtained with the catechol substract, phosphate buffer (pH 5.0) at a concentration 0.10 mol L -1 , and the commercial polymer Polyclar SB-100 â as natural phenol extractor. Using a full 2 3 factorial design the best catalytic results were obtained by employing phosphate buffer at pH 5.0 and it 0.050 mol L -1 . However, the kind of phenol extractor was not statistically important. The best results for selective catechol oxidation were obtained by using the multivariate technique. In this way, the multivariate methodology is indicated to increase the performance of the crude extract in the selective oxidation reactions.Keywords: homogeneous enzymatic catalysis, jackfruit, phenol oxidations, factorial designs IntroductionRecently, an increasing trend has been observed in the use of new biocatalytic materials in place of pure enzymes, for the development of several different research lines, especially those related to the development of biosensors 1 and enzyme-catalyzed methods of analysis. 2 The use of such materials offers some advantages with regard to those procedures based on the use of pure and isolated enzymes, especially by providing a better lifetime and lower cost. 3,4 Natural and undesirable browning reactions, using atmospheric oxygen as oxidant, occur by the catalysis of, mainly, the enzyme polyphenol oxidase (PPO). 3-5 PPO is a copper-containing oxidase having catecholase and/or cresolase activity. PPO catalyses o-hydroxylation of monophenols to give o-diphenols (cresolase activity) and o-diphenols to o-quinones (catecholase activity). For P...

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