Study of analytical on-line pyrolysis of oils from Macauba fruit (Acrocomia sclerocarpa M) via GC/MS

Abstract

Estudos pirolíticos dos óleos vegetais das partes (endocarpo mais mesocarpo e epicarpo) do fruto da Macauba (Acrocomia sclerocarpa M.) foram realizados sob atmosfera de hélio usando-se um pirolisador de filamento modelo Girdel 75 -Py -1, conectado diretamente a um CG/EM.Os experimentos foram realizados em diferentes temperaturas e tempos de pirólise, para avaliar como estes parâmetros afetam o processo pirolítico de obtenção dos produtos bem como a sua reprodutibilidade.A pirólise dos óleos gerou grande número de compostos tais como hidrocarbonetos, aldeídos e ácidos carboxílicos, este último refletindo a composição original dos óleos.A identificação de alguns compostos foi feita com o uso de um banco de dados , dos padrões de fragmentação das classes de compostos e dos cromatogramas de massas de alguns íons específicos tais como m/z 83, 85 e 60.O modo de ionização química positiva foi utilizado para confirmar as massas molares dos constituintes gerados a partir das pirólises, tendo como gás reagente, o metano, (CH4-CI).Pyrolytic studies of vegetable oils of Macauba (Acrocomia sclerocarpa M.) fruit's parts (endocarp plus mesocarp and epicarp) were undertaken under a helium atmosphere using a filament pyrolyser, Girdel Pyrolyzer 75-PY-1, coupled directly to a GC/MS.The investigation was performed using different temperatures and pyrolysis times to evaluate how these parameters affect the yield products and the reproducibility of the pyrolytic process.The pyrolysis of both oils yields a large number of compounds such as hydrocarbons, aldehydes and carboxylic acids, the latter reflecting the original composition of the oils.The identification of some compounds was carried out using a mass spectral library data base search (NIST) together with recognition of fragmentation pattern and mass chromatograms of some specific ions such as m/z 83, 85 and 60.The CH4-CI mode was used to confirm molecular weights of the constituents generated from pyrolysis, in some instances.

Synthesis, characterization and use of Nb2O5 based catalysts in producing biofuels by transesterification, esterification and pyrolysis

“…The results show that all solids are active for the methanolysis reaction (see entries [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. Nonetheless, the most active catalyst using comparable conditions is the Nb 2 O 5 /H 3 PO 4 .…”

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Oviposition deterring infochemicals in ladybirds: the role of phylogeny

“…In order to identify the compounds present in the larval tracks, a selected ion monitoring at m/z = 85 value was initially carried out (Lockey 1988;Nelson 1993;Fortes and Baugh 1999) in order to find the peaks corresponding to hydrocarbons. Then, the identification of the compound's structure was determined using the mass spectral fragmentation patterns, comparison of the retention times with those of injected known compounds and NIST library spectra.…”

Diesel-like fuel obtained by pyrolysis of vegetable oils

“…Among these different approaches, pyrolysis seems to be a simple and efficient method for fuel production. For example plastics [1], industrial and automotive waste oils [2], wood pyrolysis oils [3], fresh and waste fats and vegetal oils [4][5][6][7][8][9], etc. have been proposed as pyrolysis raw material to produce gasoline and diesel like fuels.…”