Perioperative care in an animal model for training in abdominal surgery: is it necessary a preoperative fasting?

Abstract

PURPOSE:Demonstrate that the rabbit may be used in the training of surgery, in addition to present its perioperative care. METHODS:Thirty two animals, with age and weight, respectively, from 3 to 5.5 months old and 3000 to 4200 grams, were undergone different periods of pre-operative fasting, exclusive intramuscular anesthesia (ketamine+xylazine), laparotomy with total gastrectomy and total splenectomy. It was dosed the pre-operative (initial) and post-surgical (end) serum blood glucose, in addition to quantify the gastric content after the resection of the part. RESULTS:The anesthetical-surgical procedure presented a mortality rate of 3.125% (1:32) and a morbidity rate of 6.25% (2:32). It was evidenced an initial mean blood glucose = 199.4 mg/dl and the end = 326.1 mg/dl. In spite of extended fasting (minimum of 2 hours for the absolute fasting and maximum of 8.5 hours for liquids, and 20.5 hours for solids) all animals presented at the end of the surgical procedure any gastric content and a blood glucose increase. Those with fasting for liquids and solids when compared to the quantity of solid gastric content, presented a moderate negative degree of correlation. CONCLUSION:The rabbit is a good model to be used in training of surgery, with a low morbi-mortality, able to be anesthetized intramuscularly, with no need of pre-operative fasting and does not present hypoglycemia even with the extended fasting period. Keywords: Animal Experimentation. Surgery. Fasting. Blood Glucose. Rabbits. RESUMO OBJETIVO:Demonstrar que o coelho pode ser utilizado no treinamento em cirurgia, além de apresentar seus cuidados perioperatórios. MÉTODOS:Trinta e dois animais, com idade e peso respectivamente, entre 3 a 5,5 meses e 3000 a 4200 gramas, foram submetidos a variados tempos de jejum pré-operatório, anestesia intramuscular exclusiva (quetamina+xilasina), laparotomia com gastrectomia e esplenectomia totais. Dosou-se a glicemia sérica pré-operatória (inicial) e pós-cirúrgica (final), além de quantificado o conteúdo gástrico pós-gastrectomia. RESULTADOS: O procedimento anestésico-cirúrgico apresentou taxa de mortalidade de 3,125 % (1:32) e morbidade de 6,25 % (2:32). Evidenciou-se glicemia média inicial = 199,4 mg/dl e final = 326,1 mg/dl. Apesar de jejuns prolongados (mínimo de 2 horas para jejum absoluto e máximo de 8,5 horas para líquidos, e 20,5 horas para sólidos) todos os animais apresentaram no final do procedimento cirúrgico algum conteúdo gástrico e aumento da glicemia. Aqueles com jejum para líquidos e sólidos quando comparados com a quantidade de conteúdo gástrico sólido e total apresentaram grau moderadamente negativo de correlação linear. CONCLUSÃO:O coelho é um bom modelo para ser utilizado em treinamento de cirurgia, com baixa morbimortalidade, passível de ser anestesiado por via intramuscular, sem necessidade de jejum pré-operatório e ausência de hipoglicemia.

Animal model for training in sentinel lymph node biopsy of the stomach through combined methods

“…Despite the existence of other experimental animal models for SLNB in the stomach, in dogs 33 , pigs 32 and rabbits 34 , the model presented in this study had the following main advantages: low purchase cost of the animals, ease of handling, absence of the need for preoperative fasting, high animal replacement capacity (especially due to the short reproductive cycle), good adaptation to the laboratory environment, and limited humanistic sentimental appeal 30,31,35 (Chart 1). Moreover, it was the first national attempt that used rabbits [32][33][34] , presented an acceptable mortality rate and practicality in the execution of the exclusively intramuscular anesthesia, without the need for definitive intubation 35 .…”

“…Moreover, it was the first national attempt that used rabbits [32][33][34] , presented an acceptable mortality rate and practicality in the execution of the exclusively intramuscular anesthesia, without the need for definitive intubation 35 .…”

“…Nevertheless, the ideal time for evaluation in this model, based on the characteristics of the dye 5,9,11,14,22,23 , anatomy 35 and dimensions of the lymphatic drainage system of the animal's stomach 36 , should probably be ten minutes after the injection of AzP.…”

“…After the last evaluation at 20 min with the gamma probe, dissection of the SL was performed, associated with total gastrectomy and splenectomy, according to the standard technique 35 .…”

“…However, they have limitations, such as their small sample size 9,11 , high cost, and large sentimental humanistic appeal, especially when dogs are involved. Also, for the establishment of an experimental model, it is necessary to take into consideration the characteristics of the animal and its similarities to humans [29][30][31]35 .…”