Falsas memórias e diferenças individuais: um estudo sobre fatores de personalidade e qualidade da memória

Abstract

Resumo As distorções mnemônicas têm recebido atenção crescente da comunidade científi ca nacional e internacional. No entanto, a relação entre os mecanismos responsáveis pelas distorções mnemônicas e as diferenças individuais no desempenho da memória ainda permanecem pouco explorados na literatura. O presente estudo visa a investigar a infl uência de fatores de personalidade na suscetibilidade às falsas memórias. Para isso, 200 estudantes universitários de diversos cursos de graduação, foram submetidos ao procedimento de Palavras Associadas (DRM) para investigar o desempenho da memória, e ao Inventário Fatorial de Personalidade (IFP). Os níveis extremos obtidos no IFP (baixa vs. alta pontuação na escala) foram utilizados para investigar as diferenças individuais. Os resultados mostraram que memórias verdadeiras e falsas foram afetadas apenas pelos fatores de personalidade afi liação e autonomia. Palavras-chave: Falsas memórias, diferenças individuais, reconhecimento de palavras.

Memory bias and personality characteristics in college students with social anxiety disorder

“…This confirms appropriate recognition rates for true and false memory for the type of materials used -for comparison, see Neufeld et al 14 and Palma et al 40 Rates of non-mnemonic responses (or guesses) were very low, suggesting that participants were paying attention to the task.…”

“…The literature has reported a protective effect of emotion on memory and suggested that emotional events were recalled in greater number. 12,14,18,23 The relationship between SAD and the FIP personality characteristics was also evaluated against memory performance. Participants without SAD presented a higher true memory index when associated with the characteristic dominance, having, however, low dominance scores.…”

“…Although several studies have investigated these factors' independent associations with memory, [4][5][6][7] few have combined memory for complex memory performance, individual differences, and SAD. However, these studies (e.g., Neufeld et al 14 ) did not test memories of complex emotional events.…”

“…Taking the literature into consideration and based on the concept of automatic thoughts that lead to cognitive errors described in the Cognitive Behavioral Therapy model, 21 our hypothesis is that individuals whose thoughts are highly independent and rigid and who interpret social relationships more as a source of deprivation than of pleasure (e.g., people with social phobia and personality characteristics with high dominance, high autonomy, and low change) might show a tendency toward greater distortion of information with negative emotional content, in particular when tested for information that simulates real life events, such as Neufeld et al's Slide Presentation Procedure, which targets negative emotional content. 22,23 We also tested the hypothesis that individuals with extreme variants of normal personality characteristics would be more susceptible to mnemonic distortions for emotional events 14,24 and that individuals with SAD should also be more prone to answering the questionnaire on individual differences in a manner considered more socially Participants' memory was evaluated using the Slide Presentation Procedure. 22,23,37 The material was composed of a sequence of 11 images accompanied by two versions of a narrative: control and experimental (arousal).…”

False memories in social anxiety disorder

“…Recent studies have shown that individuals with psychosocial maladjustment produce more false memories 3 . Similarly, a desire for social interaction has been identified as a predictor of false memory for lists of semantically related words 17 . Despite these data, the literature still needs more research in clinical populations of individuals with anxiety disorders in general and with SAD, in particular.…”