Citotoxic activity evaluation of essential oils and nanoemulsions of Drimys angustifolia and D. brasiliensis on human glioblastoma (U-138 MG) and human bladder carcinoma (T24) cell lines in vitro

Abstract

The species Drimys angustifolia Miers and D. brasiliensis Miers, commonly known as "casca-de-anta", have in their leaves essential oils that can confer cytotoxic effects. In this study, we evaluated the citotoxic effects of the volatile oils from these two species. We also proposed a nanoemulsion formulation for each of the species and assessed the in vitro cytotoxicity on U-138 MG (human glioblastoma) and T24 (human bladder carcinoma) cell lines. The plant chemical composition was evaluated by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometer. Furthermore, the nanoemulsions were prepared and characterized. Our results showed that; bicyclogermacrene (19.6%) and cyclocolorenone (18.2%) were the most abundant for the D angustifolia oil and D brasiliensis oil, respectively. Both nanoemulsions, D angustifolia and D brasiliensis appeared macroscopically homogeneous and opalescent bluish liquids, with nanometric mean diameters of 168 nm for D brasiliensis and 181 nm for D angustifolia. The polydispersity indices were below 0.10, with an acid pH of 4.7-6.3, and negative zeta potentials about -34 mV. The results of transmission electron microscopy showed that droplets are present in the nanometer range. Only the D brasiliensis oil was efficient in reducing the cell viability of both U-138 MG (42.5%±7.0 and 67.8%±7.8) and T24 (33.2%±2.8, 60.3%±1.6 and 80.5%±8.8) cell lines, as assessed by MTT assay. Noteworthy, similar results were obtained with cell counting. Finally, D brasiliensis oil incubation caused an increase of annexin-V and propidium iodite population, according to evaluation by cytometry analysis, what is characteristic of late apoptosis. The results presented herein lead us to consider the potential therapeutic effects of the essential oils and nanoformulations as novel strategies to inhibit tumor growth

The use of Brazilian vegetable oils in nanoemulsions: an update on preparation and biological applications

“…The NE of both oils were not active on the U-138 MG, but had significant cytotoxicity effects towards the T24 lineage. Then, this study found that, these encapsulated oils showed a significant improvement in cytotoxic activity against tumor cells compared to their pure form (Gomes et al, 2013).…”

“…In vitro antiparasitic activity (Baldissera et al, 2013) Anise (25, 50 and 75% of oil phase) Soy lecithin (5%) HPH In vitro antimicrobial activities (Topuz et al, 2016) Argan Polyethoxylated solutol HS-15 EPI In vitro cytotoxic activity (Jordan et al, 2012) Babassu (5%) Mixture of sorbitan monooleate and PEG-54 castor oil (10%) PIT Pharmaceutical and cosmetic matrices (Gumiero, Filho,2012) Carqueja-doce (3.32%) Polysorbate (0.77%) SE In vitro antifungal activity (Danielli et al, 2013) Casca-de-anta (4%) Polysorbate 20 (1%) Sorbitan monooleate (1%) HPH In vitro cytotoxic activity (Gomes et al, 2013) Cinnamon (6%) Polysorbate 80 (18%) EPI In vitro antibacterial activity (Nirmala et al, 2013) Cinnamon bark (1%)…”

“…The NE of both oils were not active on the U-138 MG, but had significant cytotoxicity effects towards the T24 lineage. Then, this study found that, these encapsulated oils showed a significant improvement in cytotoxic activity against tumor cells compared to their pure form (Gomes et al, 2013).In vivo studies have been performed to show the benefits of nanoencapsulated VO (Table 1). Turmeric oil (Curcuma longa) is widely researched due to its numerous therapeutic properties, including the anti-inflammatory activity which can be useful to treat chronic diseases such as psoriasis.…”

Comparison of leaf anatomy and essential oils from

“…Previously, Limberger et al (2007), studying the essential oils from the species, noted that the yields ranged from 1.4 to 1.5% for the oils from fresh leaves, 1.0% for the oils from dry leaves, 0.4 to 0.6% for the oils from stem barks and 0.4% for the oils from unripe fruits. Gomes et al (2013) found, for the same species, a yield of approximately 0.3% for the oil from fresh leaves.…”

“…In this study, the phenylpropanoids identified were safrole, eugenol, methyl eugenol, myristicin and 2,6- dimethoxy-4-allylphenol (Table 6). Except for 2,6dimethoxy-4-allylphenol, all these compounds have already been found in the essential oils from D. brasiliensis (Limberger et al 2007;Ribeiro et al 2008;Lago et al 2010;Gomes et al 2013).…”