Influence of rosmarinic acid and Salvia officinalis extracts on melanogenesis of B16F10 cells

Abstract

Melanin is a photoprotective skin pigment, and pathologies characterized by hypo or hyperpigmentation are common. New compounds that regulate melanogenesis are, therefore, opportune, and many natural products with this property, as polyphenols, have been described. Salvia officinalis L., Lamiaceae, is a widely used food spice that contains high amounts of phenol derivates, including rosmarinic acid. The aim of this work was to evaluate the contribution of rosmarinic acid in the melanogenic activity of sage extracts. Fluid and aqueous extracts of sage and purified rosmarinic acid were assayed for B16F10 cytotoxicity and, then, evaluated on melanin production and tyrosinase activity. While sage extracts showed a concentration-dependent ability to significantly increase melanin production without necessarily changing the enzymatic activity, rosmarinic acid showed a dual behavior on melanogenesis, increasing melanin biosynthesis and tyrosinase activity at low concentrations and decreasing it at higher levels. Rosmarinic acid may collaborate with sage extracts activity on melanogenesis, although other compounds may be involved. This is the first time that a dual action of rosmarinic acid on melanogenesis is reported, which may be useful in further studies for therapeutic formulations to treat skin pigmentation disorders

Study on the Chemical Composition, Enzyme Inhibition and Antioxidant Activity of Ziziphora taurica subsp. cleonioides

“…In addition, as has being described by various researchers, rosmarinic and chlorogenic acid act as strong antioxidants and hypoglycemic agents [48][49][50][51][52]. Thus, the antioxidant and enzyme inhibition activity of the plant, can be explained due to the properties of the above-mentioned compounds, in combination to the presence of the other identified compounds.…”

Propionic acid produced by Cutibacterium acnes fermentation ameliorates ultraviolet B-induced melanin synthesis

“…Melanin production is initiated and regulated by several signaling systems, whereby tyrosinase catalyzes the conversion of tyrosine to DOPA, and into dopaquinone, leading to the formation of melanocytic pigments 42 , 43 . In most cases, skin lightening reagents act at various levels of melanin production via FFAR2 to affect tyrosinase activity or directly targeting tyrosinase to inhibit melanogenesis in the skin 44 – 46 . SCFAs such as PA and AA exert their effects through binding to their selective cognate receptors like FFAR2 or FFAR3, with PA being among the most potent SCFA for both receptors 47 .…”

Upregulation of Melanogenesis and Tyrosinase Activity: Potential Agents for Vitiligo

“…It has been reported that the extracts of Salvia officinalis L. increased the melanin production without necessarily changing the enzymatic activity in B16-F10 cells. Moreover, rosmarinic acid ( Figure 31 ), the main phenol derivative isolated from the extracts was found to exhibit a dual behavior on melanogenesis, increasing melanin biosynthesis and tyrosinase activity at low concentrations and decreasing them at higher levels [ 103 ]. Based on these findings, Lee et al [ 104 ] studied the molecular events of pigmenting effect of rosmarinic acid in B16 melanoma cells.…”