Applying design of experiments (DOE) to flavonoid extraction from Passiflora alata and P. edulis

Abstract

Abstract:The Passifloraceae family is extensively used in native Brazilian folk medicine to treat a wide variety of diseases. The problem of flavonoid extraction from Passiflora was treated by application of design of experiments (DOE), as an experiment with mixture including one categorical process variable. The components of the binary mixture were: ethanol (component A) and water (component B); the categorical process variable: extraction method (factor C) was varied at two levels: (+1) maceration and (-1) percolation. ANOVA suggested a cubic model for P. edulis extraction and a quadratic model for P. alata. These results indicate that the proportion of components A and B in the mixture is the main factor involved in significantly increasing flavonoid extraction. In regard to the extraction methods, no important differences were observed, which indicates that these two traditional extraction methods could be effectively used to extract flavonoids from both medicinal plants. The evaluation of antioxidant activity of the extract by ORAC method showed that P. edulis displays twice as much antioxidant activity as P. alata. Considering that maceration is a simple, rapid and environmentally friendly extraction method, in this study, the optimized conditions for flavonoid extraction from these Passiflora species is maceration with 75% ethanol for P. edulis and 50% ethanol for P. alata.

Production of biomolecules of interest to the anxiolytic herbal medicine industry in yellow passionfruit leaves (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa) promoted by mycorrhizal inoculation

“…The production of total flavonoids in the leaves was also increased in plants inoculated with A. longula by 29% (218.42 mg plant) in relation to the control treatment (Table ), a value 660 times greater than other concentrations reported for passionfruit leaves not mycorrhized . Oliveira et al .…”

“…The production of total flavonoids in the leaves was also increased in plants inoculated with A. longula by 29% (218.42 mg plant) in relation to the control treatment (Table 3), a value 660 times greater than other concentrations reported for passionfruit leaves not mycorrhized. 33 Oliveira et al 17 registered an increase of 70% for P. alata regarding the content in plants inoculated with G. albida in relation to plants without inoculation at the seedling phase. A study using Commiphora leptophloeos indicated an increase in the production of specific biomolecules depending on the AMF tested, highlighting the importance of tests to decide on the inoculum to reach efficiency at increasing the group of biomolecules of interest.…”

Gastroprotective activity of the hydroethanolic extract and ethyl acetate fraction from Kalanchoe pinnata (Lam.) Pers.

“…Flavonoids were quantified using the adapted methodology of Noriega et al (2012). Twenty microliters of hydroethanolic extract and ethyl acetate fraction from the K. pinnata leaves in 60% ethanol were added to 20 µL of 2% AlCl 3 in a 96-well microplate.…”

Optimization of conditions for extraction of total polyphenols from dried tumeric (Curcuma longa L.) leaves using Response Surface Methodology

“…[11] In addition, even with the same technique of extraction, for different target compounds in different plant materials, different operating conditions may be required. [12] Therefore, the method and processing conditions employed in the extraction of bioactive compounds from materials will play an important role in determining the quality, cost and the efficacy of the standardized phytonutrient intermediate products. [13] So, the aim of this research was to determine the optimum set of conditions for the extraction of total polyphenols using the Response Surface Methodology (RSM).…”