Chronic toxicologic study of the ethanolic extract of the aerial parts of Jatropha gossypiifolia in rats

Mariz, Saulo Rios; Cerqueira, Gilberto Santos; Araújo, Washington Candeia de; Dantas, Jadson Gomes; Ramalho, Josué A.; Palomaro, Thayse V.; Duarte, José Crispim; Santos, Hosana Bandeira; Olveira, Kardilândia; Araújo, Maria Salete Trigueiro de; Diniz, Margareth de Fátima Formiga Melo; Medeiros, Isac A.

doi:10.1590/s0102-695x2012005000024

Cited by 9 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…It is important to note that both RBC and HEK-293 are human cells, which can reinforce the absence of cytotoxicity by CE and RA. These results suggest that the aqueous extract of the leaves, compared to the ethanol extract of the aerial parts tested by Mariz et al [ 51 ] may be less toxic possibly due to an eventual difference in chemical composition that may have occurred, taking into account both the different plant parts and extractor solvent used for the different preparation of the extracts. In fact, a study investigating the acute oral toxicity of an aqueous leaf extract of J. gossypiifolia showed no sign of toxicity in rats in doses up to 2,000 mg/kg [ 52 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 79%

In vitro anticoagulant and antioxidant activities of Jatropha gossypiifolia L. (Euphorbiaceae) leaves aiming therapeutical applications

Félix-Silva

Souza

Camara

et al. 2014

BMC Complement Altern Med

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BackgroundJatropha gossypiifolia L. (Euphorbiaceae) is a medicinal plant largely used in folk medicine. Teas from the leaves are popularly used as an antithrombotic agent and the branches are frequently employed as a "thick blood" agent. Considering that the anticoagulant activity associated with antioxidant properties could be beneficial for various cardiovascular diseases, this study’s aim is the evaluation of anticoagulant and antioxidant activities of J. gossypiifolia leaves, seeking new therapeutic purposes for this plant.MethodsThe aqueous leaf crude extract (CE) was prepared by decoction and was fractionated by liquid-liquid partition with solvents of increasing polarity. The phytochemical analysis was performed by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and by the spectrophotometric quantification of sugars, proteins and phenolic compounds. The anticoagulant activity was evaluated by prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) tests. The capacity to act in the fibrinolytic system (fibrinolytic and fibrinogenolytic activities) was also assessed. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by total antioxidant capacity, reducing power, copper chelating activity, iron chelating activity, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity and superoxide radical scavenging assays. The potential toxicity was evaluated using hemolytic assay and the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide (MTT) assay on HEK-293 cells.ResultsCE showed significant anticoagulant activity in aPTT test, while no action was observed in PT test, suggesting a preferential action toward the intrinsic and/or common pathway of coagulation. No effect was observed in the fibrinolytic system. Using the aPTT test, it was observed that the residual aqueous (RA) fraction was the most active, being two times more active than CE. RA presented very significant antioxidant activity in all models tested comparable to or even higher than CE. Regarding the safety, CE and RA did not produce significant cytotoxicity in both tests employed. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, proteins, tannins, steroids and/or terpenoids and sugars.ConclusionsCE and RA possessed significant anticoagulant and antioxidant activity and absence of cytotoxic effect in vitro, thus showing the potential of the plant, especially RA fraction, as a new source of bioactive molecules for therapeutic purposes, with particular emphasis on the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 79%

In vitro anticoagulant and antioxidant activities of Jatropha gossypiifolia L. (Euphorbiaceae) leaves aiming therapeutical applications

Félix-Silva

Souza

Camara

et al. 2014

BMC Complement Altern Med

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“…In the histopathological evaluation some alteration was observed in liver and lung only at 5.0 g/kg, suggesting the relatively low toxicity of the extract [ 18 ]. However, in the chronic toxicological study (thirteen weeks of treatment), this extract showed significant oral chronic toxicity in rats [ 17 ]. The most significant toxic signs indicated a reduction of the activity in the central nervous system and digestive disturbances.…”

Section: Toxicologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, some studies have indicated that ethanolic extract from the leaves, in acute oral use, is safe for rats, but with chronic use, it could be toxic [17–19]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Jatropha gossypiifoliaL. (Euphorbiaceae): A Review of Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, and Toxicology of This Medicinal Plant

Félix-Silva

Giordani

Silva-Jr

et al. 2014

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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Jatropha gossypiifolia L. (Euphorbiaceae), widely known as “bellyache bush,” is a medicinal plant largely used throughout Africa and America. Several human and veterinary uses in traditional medicine are described for different parts and preparations based on this plant. However, critical reviews discussing emphatically its medicinal value are missing. This review aims to provide an up-to-date overview of the traditional uses, as well as the phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicity data of J. gossypiifolia species, in view of discussing its medicinal value and potential application in complementary and alternative medicine. Pharmacological studies have demonstrated significant action of different extracts and/or isolated compounds as antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antidiarrheal, antihypertensive, and anticancer agents, among others, supporting some of its popular uses. No clinical trial has been detected to date. Further studies are necessary to assay important folk uses, as well as to find new bioactive molecules with pharmacological relevance based on the popular claims. Toxicological studies associated with phytochemical analysis are important to understand the eventual toxic effects that could reduce its medicinal value. The present review provides insights for future research aiming for both ethnopharmacological validation of its popular use and its exploration as a new source of herbal drugs and/or bioactive natural products.

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“…An ethanol extract of the aerial parts from Jatropha gossypifolia (135 mg/kg p.o. or higher doses) reduced the activity in the central nervous system and showed hepatotoxicity, pulmonary damage, and digestive disturbances in rats over 13 weeks of treatment [ 170 ]. The lethality was 46.6% and 13.3% among male and female rats under the highest tested dose (405 mg/kg), respectively [ 170 ].…”

Section: Toxicologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Medicinal Plants from North and Central America and the Caribbean Considered Toxic for Humans: The Other Side of the Coin

Alonso-Castro

Domínguez

Ruiz-Padilla

et al. 2017

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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The consumption of medicinal plants has notably increased over the past two decades. People consider herbal products as safe because of their natural origin, without taking into consideration whether these plants contain a toxic principle. This represents a serious health problem. A bibliographic search was carried out using published scientific material on native plants from Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean, which describe the ethnobotanical and toxicological information of medicinal plants empirically considered to be toxic. A total of 216 medicinal plants belonging to 77 families have been reported as toxic. Of these plants, 76 had been studied, and 140 plants lacked studies regarding their toxicological effects. The toxicity of 16 plants species has been reported in clinical cases, particularly in children. From these plants, deaths have been reported with the consumption of Chenopodium ambrosioides, Argemone mexicana, and Thevetia peruviana. In most of the cases, the principle of the plant responsible for the toxicity is unknown. There is limited information about the toxicity of medicinal plants used in Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean. More toxicological studies are necessary to contribute information about the safe use of the medicinal plants cited in this review.

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Chronic toxicologic study of the ethanolic extract of the aerial parts of Jatropha gossypiifolia in rats

Cited by 9 publications

References 11 publications

In vitro anticoagulant and antioxidant activities of Jatropha gossypiifolia L. (Euphorbiaceae) leaves aiming therapeutical applications

In vitro anticoagulant and antioxidant activities of Jatropha gossypiifolia L. (Euphorbiaceae) leaves aiming therapeutical applications

Jatropha gossypiifoliaL. (Euphorbiaceae): A Review of Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, and Toxicology of This Medicinal Plant

Medicinal Plants from North and Central America and the Caribbean Considered Toxic for Humans: The Other Side of the Coin

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