Chemical composition and antioxidant activity of lichen Toninia candida

Manojlović, N.; Vasiljević, Perica; Mašković, Pavle

doi:10.1590/s0102-695x2011005000184

“…Results of DPPH scavenging activity of ethyl acetate extract (41.4±0.94 μg/mL) shows a higher activity than methanol extract (51.65±1.38 μg/mL). Our study have shown that ethyl acetate extract of C. aculeata displayed a higher scavenging activity than the activity of methanol, chloroform and petrol ether extracts of Toninia candida [40]. Both tested extracts of C. aculeata showed higher scavenging activity compared to the methanol extracts of Parmelia sulcata, Flavoparmelia caperata, Evernia prunastri and Cladonia foliacea, while the methanol extract of C. aculeata showed the lower scavenging activity than the methanol extract of Hypogymnia physodes [46].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

“…The obtained results of antioxidant activity for methanol extract of C. aculeata were compared to the published results of the antioxidant analysis of methanol extract of T.candida [40], using the Student's t-test. Table 1 shows the results of the determination of the total phenols and antioxidant capacity of the examined C. aculeata extracts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Experimental results are presented as mean±standard deviations of three measurements. Statistical analyses were performed using Student's t-test and one way analysis of variance while the probability value of 0.05 was considered significant.The obtained results of antioxidant activity for methanol extract of C. aculeata were compared to the published results of the antioxidant analysis of methanol extract of T.candida [40], using the Student's t-test. Table 1 shows the results of the determination of the total phenols and antioxidant capacity of the examined C. aculeata extracts.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antioxidant activity of lichen Cetraria aculeata

Tomović¹,

Rančić²,

Vasiljević³

et al. 2016

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The aim of the present study is to investigate the antioxidant properties of the lichen Cetraria aculeata. Antioxidant activity of the methanol and ethyl acetate extracts of lichen was tested by different methods including determination of total phenolics content, determination of total antioxidant capacity, DPPH free radical scavenging activity, inhibitory activity towards lipid peroxidation, ferrous ion chelating ability and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity. The extracts of the lichen C. aculeata showed significant antioxidant activity. The methanol extract showed higher values for total phenolics and total antioxidant capacity compared to the ethyl acetate extract, while the ethyl acetate extract demonstrated better results for DPPH radical scavenging, inhibitory activity towards lipid peroxidation, chelating ability and hydroxyl radical scavenging than the methanol extract. This is the first report of the antioxidant properties of Cetraria aculeata growing in Serbia. The results of antioxidant activity indicate the application of this lichen as source of natural antioxidants that could be used as a possible food supplement, in the pharmaceutical industry and in the treatment of various diseases.Keywords: ROS, antioxidant activity, lichen, Cetraria aculeata. INTRODUCTIONActive oxygen exists in different forms, such as superoxide anion radicals (O2• −), hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), hydroxyl radicals (OH•) and singlet oxygen ( 1 O2). These forms of oxygen are highly reactive intermediates, and have a collective name of reactive oxygen species (ROS) [1,2,3,4,5]. ROS are free radicals very important for living organisms, in which are formed in different ways. In normal aerobic respiration, stimulated polymorphonuclear leukocytes and macrophages, and peroxisomes appear to be the main endogenous sources of most oxidants produced by cells. However, despite the fact that ROS are necessary for cell function, in high concentrations leads to oxidative stress and to the development a large number of diseases such as arthritis, carcinogenesis, aging. In addition to endogenous sources of free radicals, a major contribution of the accumulation of free radicals in cells are provided by exogenous sources such as ionizing radiation, tobacco smoke, certain pollutants, organic solvents and pesticides [4,6,7,8,9,10]. The above mentioned diseases and accelerated aging are the consequence of oxidative tissue damage by free radicals because of unbalanced mechanisms of antioxidant protection under the influence of endogenous and exogenous factors [11]. ROS attack unsaturated fatty acids in membrane proteins, causing lipid peroxidation, and the result is damage to membrane proteins [12]. This leads to reduced permeability of membranes, receptors and enzyme activity, and reduced activation of cells. Free radicals attack the DNA, while leading to DNA damage, resulting in mutations that cause cancer. Therefore, the prevention of many diseases are important antioxidant defense systems, including food, drugs and antioxidant enzymes [1...

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“…Both coastal populations were located in more open sites and Nahuelbuta individuals had thalli with thicker upper cortex compared to the other two populations. This higher upper cortex thickness might reflect part of the incident radiation (Büdel 1990) and usually contains antioxidants and anti-UV compound (Solhaug et al 2003, Manojlovic et al 2012. A thicker upper cortex has also been found in other light-exposed lichens, and it has been related to a direct result from direct sunlight exposition (Beckett et al 2008, Green & Lange 1991, protecting algae from excess light, heat and photoinhibition.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Anatomical, physiological and chemical differences between populations of Pseudocyphellaria flavicans (Hook. f. & Taylor) Vain. from Chile

Átala

¹

,

Schneider

²

,

Bravo

³

et al. 2015

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Environmental conditions can affect lichen morphology, physiology and chemistry. Some functional traits; like thickness of thallus layers, photosystems condition, and presence of photoprotective and antioxidant compounds are key to colonizing new sites, and can change depending on light and moisture availability. In the present study, we compared the morphology, physiology and chemistry of the native Chilean lichen Pseudocyphellaria flavicans from two Coastal populations (Nahuelbuta and Contulmo, Araucanía district), and one Andean population (Ralco, Bío-Bío district). Ralco is a more closed secondary forest, and can show dryer periods compared to Nahuelbuta and Contulmo. We found differences in thalli anatomy between populations. Ralco individuals had thinner upper cortex than Nahuelbuta individuals. Contulmo individuals had similar upper cortex thickness compared to the other two populations. We also found differences in the response of the maximal efficiency of the PSII (Fv/Fm) to desiccation and in the in situ values measured. We did not find differences between populations in the chemical traits. The differences between populations could be attributed to differences in local environmental conditions, namely moisture and light.Keywords: Pseudocyphellaria flavicans, lichen ecophysiology, lichen anatomy, lichen chemistry, foliose lichens. RESUMENLas condiciones ambientales afectan la morfología, fisiología y química de los líquenes. Ciertos rasgos funcionales, como el grosor de las distintas capas del talo, estado de los fotosistemas, y presencia de compuestos fotoprotectores y antioxidantes son claves para colonizar nuevos sitios y pueden variar dependiendo de la disponibilidad de luz y humedad. En este trabajo se comparó la morfología, fisiología y química de individuos del liquen nativo de Chile Pseudocyphellaria flavicans de dos poblaciones de la Cordillera de la Costa (Nahuelbuta y Contulmo, Región de la Araucanía) y una de la Cordillera de los Andes (Ralco, Región del Bío-Bío). Ralco es un bosque más cerrado y presenta periodos más secos, comparado con Nahuelbuta y Contulmo. Se encontraron diferencias significativas en la anatomía del talo entre poblaciones. Los individuos de Ralco presentaron una corteza superior más delgada en relación con los de Nahuelbuta. Los individuos de Contulmo presentaron una corteza similar a las otras dos poblaciones. También se encontraron diferencias en las curvas de respuesta de la eficiencia máxima del PSII (Fv/Fm) a la desecación y los valores medidos in situ. No se encontraron diferencias entre poblaciones en las variables químicas medidas. Las diferencias entre poblaciones podrían atribuirse a diferencias en las condiciones ambientales locales, principalmente humedad y luminosidad.Palabras clave: Pseudocyphellaria flavicans, ecofisiología de líquenes, anatomía de líquenes, química de líquenes, líquenes foliosos.

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“…Until now, many researchers investigated the antioxidant properties of many species of lichens and some of them have very good antioxidant activity [37,38,39,40]. Secondary metabolites that have been identified from various species of lichen extracts manifested high antioxidant activity [23,24,25].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antioxidant activity of lichen Cetraria aculeatas

Tomović¹,

Rančić²,

Vasiljević³

et al. 2015

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The aim of the present study is to investigate the antioxidant properties of the lichen Cetraria aculeata. Antioxidant activity of the methanol and ethyl acetate extracts of lichen was tested by different methods including determination of total phenolics content, determination of total antioxidant capacity, DPPH free radical scavenging activity, inhibitory activity towards lipid peroxidation, ferrous ion chelating ability and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity. The extracts of the lichen C. aculeata showed significant antioxidant activity. The methanol extract showed higher values for total phenolics and total antioxidant capacity compared to the ethyl acetate extract, while the ethyl acetate extract demonstrated better results for DPPH radical scavenging, inhibitory activity towards lipid peroxidation, chelating ability and hydroxyl radical scavenging than the methanol extract. This is the first report of the antioxidant properties of Cetraria aculeata growing in Serbia. The results of antioxidant activity indicate the application of this lichen as source of natural antioxidants that could be used as a possible food supplement, in the pharmaceutical industry and in the treatment of various diseases.Keywords: ROS, antioxidant activity, lichen, Cetraria aculeata. INTRODUCTIONActive oxygen exists in different forms, such as superoxide anion radicals (O2• −), hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), hydroxyl radicals (OH•) and singlet oxygen ( 1 O2). These forms of oxygen are highly reactive intermediates, and have a collective name of reactive oxygen species (ROS) [1,2,3,4,5]. ROS are free radicals very important for living organisms, in which are formed in different ways. In normal aerobic respiration, stimulated polymorphonuclear leukocytes and macrophages, and peroxisomes appear to be the main endogenous sources of most oxidants produced by cells. However, despite the fact that ROS are necessary for cell function, in high concentrations leads to oxidative stress and to the development a large number of diseases such as arthritis, carcinogenesis, aging. In addition to endogenous sources of free radicals, a major contribution of the accumulation of free radicals in cells are provided by exogenous sources such as ionizing radiation, tobacco smoke, certain pollutants, organic solvents and pesticides [4,6,7,8,9,10]. The above mentioned diseases and accelerated aging are the consequence of oxidative tissue damage by free radicals because of unbalanced mechanisms of antioxidant protection under the influence of endogenous and exogenous factors [11]. ROS attack unsaturated fatty acids in membrane proteins, causing lipid peroxidation, and the result is damage to membrane proteins [12]. This leads to reduced permeability of membranes, receptors and enzyme activity, and reduced activation of cells. Free radicals attack the DNA, while leading to DNA damage, resulting in mutations that cause cancer. Therefore, the prevention of many diseases are important antioxidant defense systems, including food, drugs and antioxidant enzymes [1...

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Chemical composition and antioxidant activity of lichen Toninia candida

Cited by 15 publications

References 20 publications

Antioxidant activity of lichen Cetraria aculeata

Antioxidant activity of lichen Cetraria aculeata

Anatomical, physiological and chemical differences between populations of Pseudocyphellaria flavicans (Hook. f. & Taylor) Vain. from Chile

Antioxidant activity of lichen Cetraria aculeatas

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