Avaliação do efeito mutagênico do extrato hidroalcoólico bruto, por meio de bioensaios in vivo e prospecção fitoquímica de Cecropia glaziovii Sneth (embaúba), Cecropiaceae

Abstract

RESUMO:O gênero Cecropia é conhecido popularmente por "embaúba" e apresenta várias espécies medicinais, sendo que estudos com a espécie C. glaziovii Sneth indicam que o extrato aquoso apresenta efeitos broncodilatador, anti-hipertensivo e antidepressivo, provavelmente, atribuídos às catequinas, procianidinas e flavonóides. O presente estudo objetivou avaliar os potenciais efeitos tóxico, citotóxicos, clastogênicos e aneugênicos do extrato bruto hidroalcoólico de folhas de C. glaziovii, por meio da dose letal média (DL 50 ), da análise de micronúcleo em células de medula óssea de roedores e do teste com Allium cepa e realizar a prospecção fitoquímica. Os resultados demonstraram que as concentrações testadas não causaram toxicidade aguda, nem apresentaram atividade clastogênica e aneugênica, sugerindo que o extrato de C. glaziovii não interferem na divisão celular. A prospecção fitoquímica indicou a presença de taninos, flavonóides, fenóis, antraquinonas, cumarinas, catequinas, proteínas, açúcares redutores, depsídeos/depsidonas e triterpenos. Mesmo assim, esses resultados não prescrevem o consumo terapêutico da espécie, sem continuidade da sua avaliação e do cumprimento de todas as etapas pré-clínicas e clínicas.Unitermos: Cecropia glaziovii, Cecropiaceae, mutagênese, micronúcleos, planta medicinal.ABSTRACT: "Evaluation of mutagenic effect of crude hydroalchoolic extract, using in vivo alive bioassays and phytochemical screening of Cecropia glaziovii Sneth (embaúba), Cecropiaceae". The genus Cecropia is as known popularly "embaúba" and presents several medical species. Studies with the species C. glaziovii Sneth indicates that the hydroalchoolic extracts presents bronchodilator, anti-hypertensive and antidepressive effects, probably due its contests catechins, procyanidins and flavonoids. The aim of this study was to assess the potential toxic, cytotoxic, clastogenic and aneugenic effects of the crude hydroalchoolic extract of leaves of C. glaziovii, by means of the determination of the median lethal dose (LD 50 ), the analysis of micronucleus in cells from bone marrow of rodents and through the Allium cepa assay, and also to performe the phytochemical screening. The results showed that at the concentrations tested no cause acute toxicity, as well as no clastogenic and aneugenic activity, was observed suggesting that the extract of C. glaziovii do not interfere in cell division. The phytochemical screening indicated the presence of tannins, flavonoids, phenols, anthraquinones, coumarins, catechins, proteins, reducing sugars, depsides, depsidons and triterpenes. Howerver, these results do not prescribe therapeutic consumption of the species, without keeping its evaluation and the achievement of all pre-clinical and clinical stages.

Comparison of the phytochemical profiles of five native plant species in two different forest formations

“…Another study carried out with methanol extract of this species (Aragão, 2009) points to the presence of alkaloids, phenolics, such as flavonoids and anthocyanins, tannins and steroids. Stange et al, (2009) performed phytochemical tests on a species of the genus Cecropia, C. glaziovii, and found tannins, flavonoids, phenols, anthraquinones, coumarins, catechins, proteins, reducing sugars, depsides and triterpenes, corroborating the results of Tanae et al, (2007) for the same species and Rocha et al, (2007) for C. lyratiloba. Stange et al (2009) observed the absence of toxicity in Cecropia extract and related this to the absence of alkaloids.…”

“…Stange et al, (2009) performed phytochemical tests on a species of the genus Cecropia, C. glaziovii, and found tannins, flavonoids, phenols, anthraquinones, coumarins, catechins, proteins, reducing sugars, depsides and triterpenes, corroborating the results of Tanae et al, (2007) for the same species and Rocha et al, (2007) for C. lyratiloba. Stange et al (2009) observed the absence of toxicity in Cecropia extract and related this to the absence of alkaloids. Tannins and flavonoids also found by these authors showed no effect on Allium cepa; it is probable that the concentrations used were not sufficient to cause an allelopathic effect.…”

Chemical and Pharmacological Aspects of the GenusCecropia

“…Also, extract administration did not significantly affect the physical and neurobehavioral development of pups [70]. Another study also showed no acute toxicity until 0.9 g/kg of crude hydroalcoholic extract of the leaves of C. glaziovii, and no clastogenic and aneugenic activity of the extract, evaluated on root meristematic cells of Allium cepa, suggesting that the extract does not interfere with cell division [71]. Investigations of either toxicity or behavior changes in mice caused by administration of aqueous extracts of C. pachystachya (0.76 g/kg) showed that the crude extract does affected feeding, body weight, or organ morphology, and does not promote toxicity in the broncheoalveolar fluid.…”

Assessment of the cytotoxic, genotoxic, and mutagenic potential of Acrocomia aculeata in rats

“…Although A. aculeata exhibits therapeutic properties that have increased its use, very few studies have been conducted to assess its toxicological effects. These toxicological assays are essential for the assessment and registration of new chemical compounds (Morita et al, 1997;Stange et al, 2009) by international agencies and government institutions.…”