Determinação do rendimento e atividade antimicrobiana do óleo essencial de Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf em função de sazonalidade e consorciamento

Abstract

RESUMO: O óleo essencial de Cymbopogon citratus cultivado em canteiro único e consorciado com Achillea millefolium, foi obtido por arraste a vapor e o rendimento de óleo em observação sazonal, tendo como parâmetros a temperatura, índices pluviométricos e período de coleta. Os melhores rendimentos foram observados para período matutino em dias com altas temperaturas e altos índices pluviométricos. A análise microbiana do óleo essencial de C. citratus foi determinada pela técnica de microdiluição em caldo (MIC) contra as leveduras Candida albicans e C. tropicali, e para as bactérias Escherichia coli, Sthaphylococcus aureus e Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Os óleos essenciais obtidos do canteiro único e consorciado apresentaram atividade moderada frente às leveduras testadas (0,63 -1,25 mg/mL). Para as bactérias, o óleo essencial da planta cultivada em canteiro único apresentou alta atividade frente ao Sthaphylococcus aureus (0,08 mg/mL), e foi inativo para as demais bactérias.Unitermos: Cymbopogon citratus, óleo essencial, sazonalidade, atividade antimicrobiana.ABSTRACT: "Assessment of the yield and antimicrobial activity of Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf essential oil in relation to the seasonality and cultivation in consortium". The essential oil of the plant Cymbopogon citratus, cultivated separately, and also joined with Achillea millefolium L, was obtained by the process of steam distillation. The oil yield was determined through seasonal variation, having as main parameters the temperature, the pluviometer indexes and the collection time. The best results were obtained in the morning period, during high-temperature-days presenting high pluviometer indexes. The microbiological analysis of Cymbopogon citratus essential oil against leavenings (Candida albicans and C. tropicalis), and against bacteria (Escherichia coli, Sthaphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) was determined by micro-dilution in broth (MIC). The essential oils cultivated separately, and joined with Achillea millefolium L., presented moderate activity in relation to the tested yeasts (0.63 -1.25 mg/mL -1 ). Regarding bacteria, the essential oil of the plant cultivated separately presented high activity in relation to Sthaphylococcus aureus (0.08 mg/mL). On the other hand, the oil revealed to be inactive against other bacteria.

Antimicrobial activity and acute and chronic toxicity of the essential oil of Lippia origanoides

“…Factors such as temperature, relative humidity, sun and wind exposure may directly influence the chemical composition of essential oils (Simões & Spitzer 2004). The quantities of chemical components in the essential oils may vary according to the stage of development of the plant (Simões & Spitzer 2004) and different period of the year (Santos et al 2009). Plants are richer in essential oils when the weather is stable, warm, sunny which are the best conditions for harvesting.…”

Atividade fungitóxica in vitro dos óleos essenciais de Lippia sidoides Cham., Cymbopogon citratus(D.C.) Stapf. e de seus constituintes majoritários no controle de Rhizoctonia solani e Sclerotium rolfsii

“…Diversos trabalhos demonstram seus efeitos antibacteriano (Botelho et al, 2007), fungicida (Fontenelle et al, 2007;Silva et al, 2011), larvicida (Furtado et al, 2005;Souza et al, 2011) e antimicrobiano (Silva et al, 2008). Já a espécie C. citratus produz um óleo essencial rico em citral, sendo que estudos têm atribuído atividades biológicas para o mesmo, tais como: inseticida (Lima et al, 2008), antimicrobiana (Santos et al, 2009), antibacteriano (Pereira et al, 2004), antifúngica (Guimarães et al, 2011) A extração dos óleos essenciais foi realizada pelo método de hidrodestilação utilizando-se aparelho de Clevenger modificado. As folhas frescas de cada espécie vegetal foram picadas e colocadas em balão de fundo redondo de 4 litros de capacidade, recobertas com água, sendo o processo de extração realizado em período de 2 horas mantendo a solução em ebulição.…”

Essential oil production of lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) under organic compost containing sewage sludge

“…Studies on lemongrass cultivation under various conditions have demonstrated the variation in its essential oil yield: Figueiredo et al (2006) obtained oil content from 0.2 to 0.5%; Costa et al (2008) reported results around 1.6%, while Santos et al (2009) determined values ranging from 0.49 to 1.15% in cultivation in beds. For Morais (2009), these differences are explained by the fact that the production and chemical composition of the essential oils are determined by genetic factors of the plant, besides other factors that may lead to significant alterations in its production, such as interactions between plants, with microorganisms, insects, age and development stage of the species, abiotic factors such as luminosity, temperature, rainfall, nutrition and harvest period and time.…”