A cidade e os cidadãos

Citizen participation as one of the principles of open government

“…It is worth mentioning that, in the four scales, the level of information is the starting point for participation. According to Jacobi (1990), information as a basis to guarantee real participation should not be limited to its dissemination by the government. It is essential to ensure that participants fully understand the information provided to advance to the highest levels of participation, with real transfer of power in the decision-making process.…”

“…Citizenship is strengthened when participation overcomes various types of discrimination and inequalities in political arenas, allowing citizens to influence government actions and decisions (Sánchez, 2004). Citizenship also becomes stronger when technobureaucratic resistance is overcome and there is political will from those who govern to open spaces that ensure the inclusion of groups with different social interests and cultural values, enhancing opportunities for change (Jacobi, 1990). Thus, citizen participation is essential for institutional and cultural changes that grant greater political autonomy to citizens through the redistribution of power (Teixeira, 1997).…”

“…Citizen participation is expected to contribute to strengthening citizenship, deliberative democracy, and the legitimacy of decisions. Governments must overcome discrimination and inequality in political arenas by opening spaces that not only question the established order but guarantee the inclusion of groups with different social interests and cultural values, giving citizens a chance to influence actions and government decisions, making them more legitimate (Jacobi, 1990;Chambers, 2003;Sánchez, 2004;Cohen, 2005;Chang & Jacobson, 2010;Häikiö, 2012).…”

movimentos do fazer-cidade

“…Autores estrangeiros, como Castells ([1972] 2009), Marcuse (2009) e Harvey (2012), são alguns dos que se dedicaram a tal empreitada. Já em nosso país há um vasto número de autores oriundos de diferentes áreas -como Maricato (1982), Jacobi (1986), Carlos (1994), e, em tempos mais recentes, Trindade (2012) e Tavolari (2016), etc. -, que também vêm refletindo sobre as reconfigurações, potencialidades e limites do conceito em tela.…”

Urbanismo e mobilidade urbana em São Paulo: (des)articulações entre planejamento, projeto e transportes (1968-2016).

“…Redemocratização e planejamento urbano na capital paulista Conforme introduzido no item 3.1.3, a crítica ao enfoque tecnocrático do planejamento desde os anos 1970 estava ligada ao fortalecimento do cidadão como sujeito político que, organizado em associações territoriais e movimentos urbanos, reivindicava políticas públicas mais democráticas para o enfrentamento dos atrasos e da desigualdade nas cidades. Trabalhos como os de Rodrigues (1981;, Jacobi (1986), Maricato (1987, Sader (1988), Villaça (1999) e Arantes (2009), entre muitos outros, indicam como a politização do urbano ocorre pela entrada na cena política desses atores.…”