Biostimulation of inoculation with Glomus proliferum and application of humic acid in the in vitro growth of Lunularia cruciata

Abstract

In this study, we evaluated the growth of the liverwort Lunularia cruciata, inoculated or not with the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) Glomus proliferum (15 spores per Petri dish), in Strullu-Romand Variant (SRV) medium modified and enriched with humic acid (HA) at different concentrations (0, 20, 40 and 80 mg C L −1 ), as well as the sporulation of the AMF. We assessed the absolute growth rate (AGR) and relative growth rate (RGR) at inoculation, as well as at 7, 14, 21, 28, 43, 52 and 60 days after inoculation (DAI), whereas we assessed sporulation at 25, 43, 60 and 70 DAI. The main determinant of L. cruciata growth was the presence of AMF. With and without G. proliferum inoculation, respectively, the AGR peaked at 39 and 42 DAI, and the RGR was 0.0474 and 0.0387 cm 2 cm −2 d −1 . Doses of 20 and 80 mg C L −1 of HA had a positive influence on the growth of L. cruciata. With and without HA, respectively, the AGR peaked at 38 and 39 DAI, and the RGR was 0.0484 and 0.0422 cm 2 cm −2 d −1 . The sporulation of G. proliferum, which was as high as 199 spores plate −1 , was influenced by HA, especially at 20 and 80 mg C L −1 .

Combination of Humic Substances and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Affecting Corn Plant Growth

“…The HS‐And treatment stimulated spore density less strongly than the other HS treatments. The HS stimulation of sporulation was reported by Nobre et al (2013), with a significant increase in the sporulation of Glomus proliferum combined with Lunaria cruciata due to the effect of HA under in vitro conditions. The stimulation of mycorrhizal colonization and spore density by HS application has been explained in other studies by the ability of SOM to stimulate AMF development, especially mycelial growth, root colonization, and the intra‐ and extraradicular development of Glomus claroideum hyphae (Gryndler et al, 2005, 2009).…”

“…The addition of differently sourced organic components, such as cellulose, and different types of substrates or composted biomass has been shown to stimulate the production and quantity of intra‐ and extraradical hyphae (Gryndler et al, 2002); this effect has also been confirmed under hydroponic conditions (Gryndler et al, 2005). Reports exist regarding the application under axenic conditions of humic acids (HA) extracted from vermicompost (Vc) to stimulate the production of Glomus proliferum spores, the growth of Lunaria cruciata (Nobre et al, 2013), and the mycorrhizal colonization of Glomus clarum on clover ( Trifolium repens L.) and basil ( Ocimum basilicum L.) roots (Lima, 2008).…”

Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on plant growth and herbivore infestation depend on availability of soil water and nutrients

“…These changes may have affected plant interactions with AMF. For instance, increased release of phosphorus may reduce AMF colonization whereas higher levels of humic acids can often be well combined with successful establishment and growth promoting effects of AMF ( Nobre et al., 2013 ; Cozzolino et al., 2016 ). Sterilized soils were stored at room temperature until use.…”