Espécies de Parmotrema (Parmeliaceae, Ascomycota) do litoral centro-sul do Estado de São Paulo: II. Grupos químicos norstíctico e salazínico

Abstract

RESUMO − (Espécies de Parmotrema sensu stricto (Parmeliaceae, Ascomycota) do litoral centro-sul do Estado de São Paulo II. Grupos químicos norstíctico e salazínico.). O levantamento das espécies pertencentes aos gêneros de grandes parmélias do litoral centro-sul do Estado de São Paulo revelou a ocorrência de nove espécies de Parmotrema sensu stricto (talos foliosos de lobos arredondados em geral com mais de 0,5 cm larg. com margens inferiores não rizinadas) contendo como constituintes químicos medulares os ácidos norstíctico ou salazínico. São tipicamente reconhecidos pela cor amarela que se torna avermelhada resultante dos testes de coloração com hidróxido de potássio. São apresentados uma chave de identifi cação, descrições, comentários e ilustrações, baseados em material brasileiro. Palavras-chave: costões rochosos, liquens, manguezal, restinga, Parmotrema ABSTRACT − (Species of Parmotrema sensu strict (Parmeliaceae, Ascomycota) of the south-central-coast of São Paulo state II. Chemical groups norstictic and salazinic). In a survey of the species pertaining to genera of large parmeliae occurring in the coastal areas of south-central São Paulo state, Brazil, nine species of Parmotrema sensu stricto (foliose thalli with rounded lobes usually more than 0,5 mm wide with nude lower margins) containing norstictic or salazinic acids as main medullar substances were found. These are typically recognized by the yellow then red staining potassium hydroxide spot tests. Identifi cation key, descriptions, comments, and illustrations based on Brazilian material are provided for these species.

New record and distribution map of Parmotrema rubifaciens (Parmeliaceae, Ascomycota) in the Neotropics

“…There is not much information available about its ecology in literature. It is probably an exclusively corticolous species, as seen in this collection and reported also by previous authors (Kukwa et al 2012;Marcelli and Benatti 2010).…”

“…The species resembles Parmotrema cristiferum (Taylor) Hale, a cosmopolitan species widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions, cited also from Paraguay (Ferraro 1990), which shows a similar configuration of soralia but differs in its medullary chemistry by producing salazinic acid (K+ yellow turning red, without rustyred needle-like crystals visible under the microscope). Some authors also mentioned the presence of scarce cilia in a few specimens of P. cristiferum, structures not observed in the studied material (Elix 1994;Marcelli and Benatti 2010). Other morphologically related species are Parmotrema dilatatum (Vain.)…”

“…This species produces cortical atranorin, and medullary norstictic (major) and connorstictic acids (trace). Although the presence of connorstictic acid was not detected in its original description (Hale 1965), it was confirmed by Marcelli and Benatti (2010). Kukwa et al (2012) also reported lecanoric acid in Bolivian material.…”

“…Since then, there have been neither new records nor new information available of this species for over three decades, when it was recorded by Harris (1995) from United States. More recently, the species was recorded from Costa Rica (Umaña Tenorio et al 2002), southern Colombia (Sipman et al 2008), southeastern Brazil (Marcelli and Benatti 2010), and Bolivia (Kukwa et al 2012). Its geographic distribution is here expanded to northwestern Paraguay.…”

Espécies de Cladonia P. Browne (Cladoniaceae, Ascomycota) dos Supergrupos Cocciferae, Crustaceae e Perviae em restingas e costões rochosos dos estados do Paraná e de Santa Catarina, Brasil

“…Recentemente, estudos envolvendo a família Parmeliaceae no litoral de São Paulo (Benatti 2005; , 2010a citaram várias espécies que ocorrem em costões rochosos, contribuindo significativamente para o conhecimento deste ambiente. No entanto, antes da recente publicação de Cladonia litoralis Gumboski & Eliasaro (Gumboski & Eliasaro 2011a) não havia qualquer registro de exemplares de Cladonia para costões rochosos do Paraná e de Santa Catarina.…”