Flora da Paraíba, Brasil: Solanum L. (Solanaceae)

Abstract

Neste trabalho apresenta-se o tratamento taxonômico do gênero Solanum, como parte do projeto "Flora da Paraíba", que vem sendo realizado com o objetivo de identificar e catalogar as espécies da flora local. Realizaram-se coletas, observações de campo e estudos morfológicos para as identificações, descrições e ilustrações botânicas, com o auxílio da bibliografia especializada, complementadas pela análise de tipos e fotos de tipos de herbários nacionais e internacionais e de espécimes depositados nos herbários EAN e JPB. Foram registradas 22 espécies: Solanum agrarium Sendtn., S. americanum Mill., S. asperum Rich., S. asterophorum Mart., S. caavurana Vell., S. capsicoides All., S. crinitum Lam., S. jabrense Agra & M.Nee, S. melissarum Bohs, S. ovum-fringillae (Dunal) Bohs, S. palinacanthum Dunal, S. paludosum Moric., S. paniculatum L., S. paraibanum Agra, S. polytrichum Moric., S. rhytidoandrum Sendtn., Solanum sp., S. stagnale Moric., S. stipulaceum Roem. & Schult., S. stramoniifolium Jacq., S. swartzianum Roem. & Schult. e S. torvum Sw. Três espécies, S. ovum-fringillae, Solanum sp. e S. swartzianum, são novas referências para a Paraíba.

Reproductive biology of endemic Solanum melissarum Bohs (Solanaceae) and updating of its current geographic distribution as the basis for its conservation in the Brazilian Cerrado

“…In Minas Gerais, this species is considered rare, with a few isolated records from low-and high-montane semi-deciduous seasonal forest (Oliveira-Filho, 2006). This species is also considered rare in the state of Paraíba, where it is associated to moist forests (Agra et al, 2009). Stehmann et al (2014) report the occurrence of the species in the states of Alagoas, Pernambuco and Sergipe.…”

“…However, no records from these states were found in the databases or in the published literature. The species is a terricolous sciophilous treelet (Agra et al, 2009;Feliciano and Salimena, 2011) found in semi-deciduous seasonal forest (Stehmann et al, 2009), moist upland forest ("brejos de altitude", (Agra et al, 2009)), and shaded areas of coastal forests in the Atlantic forest domain (Feliciano & Salimena, 2011;Stehmann et al, 2014).…”

“…The genus includes herbs, shrubs, trees, lianas, or rarely epiphytes. Individuals may be prickly or unarmed, glabrous or pubescent with simple, branched, stellate, peltate, glandular, or sometimes setose trichomes (Agra et al, 2009). One of the typical attributes of this genus is the absence of nectar as a floral attractant, combined with the presence of anthers with poricidal dehiscence (Nunes-Silva et al, 2010).…”

“…Thus, in many species of Solanum a vibration mechanism is required for pollen release (Bezerra and Machado, 2003), reducing the competition for pollinators and increasing the degree of specialization of the pollination system. Molecular studies resulted in changes of infrageneric positions, with the inclusion of Lycopersicon and Cyphomandra in Solanum (Bohs, 1995), outlining broader phylogenetic hypotheses both for the family and for the genus (Agra et al, 2009). The old genus Cyphomandra Mart.…”

Plants from Solanaceae family with possible anxiolytic effect reported on 19th century's Brazilian medical journal

“…It comprises 2800-3000 species belonging to 85-90 genera of herbs, shrubs, and a few trees (Woodland, 1997); cosmopolitan, occurring around the world except in the Artic area. The major part of species is located in South America (Schultes & Raffauf, 1990;Agra & Berger, 2009). The anxiolytic properties of the Solanaceae family are also well known empirically for long time.…”