Cargas polínicas de abelhas polinizadoras de Byrsonima chrysophylla Kunth. (Malpighiaceae): fidelidade e fontes alternativas de recursos florais

Abstract

RESUMO -(Cargas polínicas de abelhas polinizadoras de Byrsonima chrysophylla Kunth. (Malpighiaceae): fidelidade e fontes alternativas de recursos florais). Byrsonima chrysophylla, conhecida popularmente como murici pitanga, é uma espécie arbustiva que ocorre em restinga. Dentre seus visitantes, além de abelhas da tribo Centridini, também se encontram com freqüência abelhas Xylocopini. Para verificação das espécies vegetais utilizadas pelas abelhas visitantes mais freqüentes, cargas polínicas de suas pernas posteriores (n = 5), bem como de ninhos naturais de Centris caxiensis (n = 7) foram analisados através de acetólise. Durante toda a floração, Byrsonima chrysophylla foi a principal fonte de pólen utilizada por suas abelhas visitantes. Comolia lythrarioides e Myrcia obtusa foram fontes secundárias de pólen, Mouriri guianensis foi fonte secundária de óleo e pólen, enquanto Anacardium microcarpum, Cuphea tenella, Matayba discolor e Phthirusa pyrifolia mostraram-se importantes fontes de néctar durante esse período, sendo o pólen detectado nas amostras, provavelmente aderido ao corpo das abelhas durante a coleta de néctar. Os resultados demonstram que as abelhas visitantes não misturaram os recursos polínicos durante o vôo para a coleta de pólen, apresentando fidelidade às flores de Byrsonima chrysophylla. Palavras-chave: Byrsonima, pólen, Centris, Xylocopa, fidelidade polínica, restingaABSTRACT -(Pollen loads of pollinator bees of Byrsonima chrysophylla Kunth. (Malpighiaceae): fidelity and alternative sources of flower resources). Byrsonima chrysophylla, known as "murici pitanga", is a shrubby species occurring in 'restinga'. Among its visitors, bees of the Centridini tribe as well as Xylocopini bees are frequently found. To detect which plant species have been used by the most frequent visitors, pollen loads from the back legs (n = 5) and also from natural nests of Centris caxiensis (n = 7) were treated by acetolysis. During flowering of Byrsonima chrysophylla, this plant species was the main pollen source used by bees. Comolia lythrarioides and Myrcia sylvatica were secondary pollen sources, Mouriri guianensis was a secondary oil and pollen source, while Anacardium microcarpum, Cuphea tenella, Matayba discolor and Phthirusa pyrifolia were important nectar sources at this time. The pollen detected in the samples probably adhered to the bee's body during nectar collection. The results show that the bee visitors do not mix pollen sources during the pollen-collecting flight, thus representing fidelity to Byrsonima chrysophylla flowers.

Chemical and bioactive characterization of pot-pollen produced by Melipona and Scaptotrigona stingless bees from Paria Grande, Amazonas State, Venezuela

“…The botanical origin of the genus Byrsonima (Malpighiaceae) found here as a less frequent source in the Melipona and Scaptotrigona pot-pollen was also reported for Centris (Ribeiro et al, 2008) and Cephalotrigona femorata with a secondary frequency of 33.4 % (Absy et al, 1984). The Malpighiaceae family offers oil from elaiophore calyx glands to pollinators (Pedro, 1994).…”

Checklist das abelhas coletoras de óleos do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil

“…Dos 60 gêneros reconhecidos desta família, 47 são exclusivamente neotropicais e somente as espécies destes gêneros possuem glândulas de óleo funcionais (Anderson 1979, Vogel 1990). Possivelmente, a grande riqueza de espécies de Malpighiaceae e Centridini é reflexo de interações antigas, de cerca de 70 milhões de anos (Vogel 1974, 1988, Buchmann 1987, Sazima & Sazima 1989, Rego & Albuquerque 1989, Pedro 1994, Vinson et al 1997, Teixeira & Machado 2000, Gaglianone 2001a, 2003, Sigrist & Sazima 2004, Ribeiro et al 2008, Renner & Schaefer 2010.…”

Nesting Behavior of Centris (Hemisiella) vittata Lepeletier (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in an area of the cerrado in the northeast of the State of Maranhão, Brazil

“…The activity of females was recorded by direct observation from December/2003 to February/2005 Pollen grains found in the scopae of one of the females were subjected to acetolysis (Erdtman 1969) to identify the plant species in which C. vittata foraged. The quantitative analyses of the pollen types was accomplished by means of consecutive counting of 100 grains (Ribeiro et al 2008) to determine the percentages and occurrences of each pollen classes according to Louveaux et al (1978) To determine if there was a signifi cant difference in head and thorax width between males and females the MannWhitney test was applied. The chi-square test was applied to check if there was a signifi cant difference between the expected proportions of males and females and with those obtained in the fi eld; and the mean and standard deviation were used to compare the main measurements of the nests and the individuals (width of the head and thorax) as well as the time spent outside and inside the nest.…”