Ocorrência de flebotomíneos (Diptera, Psychodidae) em focos de leishmanioses, em área de ecoturismo do entorno do Parque Nacional dos Lençóis Maranhenses, Brasil

Abstract

A freqüência e distribuição das espécies de flebotomíneos foram estudadas no Município de Barreirinhas, Maranhão, Brasil, no entorno do Parque Nacional dos Lençóis Maranhenses, no período de janeiro a junho/2005, agosto/2004, julho/2005 e setembro/2008. Foram capturados 6.658 indivíduos distribuídos em dez espécies. As mais freqüentes foram Lutzomyia whitmani (46,6%), L. longipalpis (29,9%), L. evandroi (17,1%) e L. lenti (4,8%), enquanto L. termitophila, L. flaviscutellata, L. migonei, L. infraspinosa, L. sordellii, L. wellcomei, L. antunesi e L. trinidadensis representaram juntas 1,6% da amostra total. A presença de espécies transmissoras de Leishmania justifica o elevado coeficiente de detecção de leishmaniose tegumentar nos anos de 2000 (308,2), 2001 (310,9), 2002 (338,2) e 2005 (313,6) e focos ativos de leishmaniose visceral humana, no Município de Barreirinhas.

Sandflies (Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) survey in an urban transmission area of visceral leishmaniasis, Northeastern Brazil

“…The sand flies were more commonly found in the peridomicile (70.48%) in all districts and months (χ 2 = 616.18, df = 1, p < 0.05) ( Table 1). The presence of Leishmania vector species explains the active foci of human VL in the area studied, as reported in the municipality of Barreirinhas, Maranhão (REBÊLO et al, 2010). The districts studied are located in the periphery of the city, with abundant vegetation, domestic animals and organic matter, creating favorable conditions for sand fly breeding and population growth, corroborating XIMENES et al studies (2000).…”

“…Vectors and hosts are forced to migrate to human peridomicile in search of food (BARATA et al, 2005). In this scenario, environment degradation may affect the maintenance of ecological processes and the balance of the enzootic cycle of certain infections, causing a major health public impact, as seen with leishmaniasis in Barreirinhas and the National Park in Maranhão (REBÊLO et al, 2010).…”

An ecological study of sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in the vicinity of Lençóis Maranhenses National Park, Maranhão, Brazil

“…Preliminary studies carried out in Barreirinhas and the surrounding villages revealed that the main sand flies present were the recognized Leishmania vectors, Lutzomyia whitmani , L. longipalpis and L. flaviscutellata [ 11 ]. However, no studies concerning the structure of the insect communities in the area or the epidemiology of the disease have been performed so far.…”

The immunobiology of Leishmania braziliensis infection

“…Rebelo et al (2010) proposed the term tegumentary (skin or mucosal) leishmaniasis (TL) to the French Society of Dermatology in 1925, the first contribution of Brazilian researchers to the study of this disease. TL is a major health problem in Brazil, where the main Leishmania species associated with this disease are Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis , L. (V.) naiffi , L. (V.) shawi , L. (V.) lainsoni , and L. (Leishmania) amazonensis .…”

“…whitmani , and Lu. wellcomei (Miranda et al, 2002; Rebelo et al, 2010). L. amazonensis has been identified in different areas of Brazil and induces cutaneous ulcers, including diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis.…”