From heterogeneity to harmonization? Recent trends in European health policy

Gerlinger, Thomas; Urban, Hans-Jürgen

doi:10.1590/s0102-311x2007001400003

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Sometimes, this inevitable failure is partially due to the heterogeneous nature of cancers and to the evolutive pressure that is mediated by cancer treatment itself. Tumor biopsies can give limited information on a single cancer entity, since they cannot account for its intrinsic tumor heterogeneity and, moreover, for its evolution during time, due to their invasive nature which impairs the possibility of their repetition to follow cancer evolution [11][12][13][14][15] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquid biopsies and cancer omics

et al. 2020

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The development of the sequencing technologies allowed the generation of huge amounts of molecular data from a single cancer specimen, allowing the clinical oncology to enter the era of the precision medicine. This massive amount of data is highlighting new details on cancer pathogenesis but still relies on tissue biopsies, which are unable to capture the dynamic nature of cancer through its evolution. This assumption led to the exploration of non-tissue sources of tumoral material opening the field of liquid biopsies. Blood, together with body fluids such as urines, or stool, from cancer patients, are analyzed applying the techniques used for the generation of omics data. With blood, this approach would allow to take into account tumor heterogeneity (since the circulating components such as CTCs, ctDNA, or ECVs derive from each cancer clone) in a time dependent manner, resulting in a somehow “real-time” understanding of cancer evolution. Liquid biopsies are beginning nowdays to be applied in many cancer contexts and are at the basis of many clinical trials in oncology.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquid biopsies and cancer omics

et al. 2020

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“…Ο συντριπτικός αριθμός νομοθετημάτων και δράσεων της ΕΕ σε θέματα δημόσιας υγείας και πολιτικών υγείας υλοποιείται μέσω άλλων διευθύνσεων όπως η διεύθυνση εργασίας, οικονομικών υποθέσεων ή η διεύθυνση καταναλωτών (Greer, 2006). Το παράδοξο αυτό, έκφραση της «συνταγματικής ασυμμετρίας» της ΕΕ στο πεδίο της πολιτικής υγείας, είναι αντανάκλαση έως ένα βαθμό της σύγκρουσης μεταξύ των αρχών λειτουργίας της «ευρωπαϊκής εσωτερικής αγοράς» και των αρχών λειτουργίας του κοινωνικού κράτους στις χώρες κράτη μέλη (Gerlinger and Urban, 2007). Επιπλέον, αν συνυπολογίσει κανείς το γεγονός ότι η ΕΕ δεν αποτελεί κάποια άριστη και ενιαία οικονομική περιοχή, αποτελεί επίσης έκφραση των διαφορών στα επίπεδα οικονομικής ανάπτυξης (Seretis and Tsaliki, 2012).…”

Section: ευρωπαϊκό κοινοβούλιο)unclassified

Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση Και Πολιτική Υγείας: Οι Μηχανισμοί Εξευρωπαϊσμού Των Συστημάτων Υγείας

Seretis¹,

Sotiriou²,

Pantoularis³

et al. 2021

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Ο εξευρωπαϊσμός, η διαδικασία δηλαδή διαμόρφωσης και μεταφοράς πολιτικών της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης (ΕΕ) στα κράτη μέλη, είναι έννοια επίκαιρη, αφορώντας ολοένα και περισσότερα πεδία άσκησης πολιτικής. Σκοπός του άρθρου είναι η διερεύνηση της έκτασης και έντασης του εξευρωπαϊσμού στο πεδίο της πολιτικής υγείας και η δημιουργία ενός θεωρητικού, ταξινομητικού πλαισίου των μηχανισμών μέσω των οποίων αυτός συντελείται. Τα αποτελέσματα της μελέτης δείχνουν, πρώτον, ότι ο εξευρωπαϊσμός στο πεδίο της πολιτικής υγείας ως θεσμική πρακτική υφίσταται και συνεχώς διευρύνεται και, δεύτερον, ότι, ενώ πριν την εκδήλωση της οικονομικής κρίσης επιλέγονταν κύρια οριζόντιοι μη υποχρεωτικοί μηχανισμοί εξευρωπαϊσμού, κατά την περίοδο της κρίσης παρατηρείται μετακίνηση σε κάθετους υποχρεωτικούς μηχανισμούς, που αυξάνουν την ένταση των παρεμβάσεων της ΕΕ στο χώρο της υγείας.

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“…The open method of coordination was defined for the first time in the conclusions drawn by the Council of Lisbon and encompasses the following core elements: [20].…”

Section: European Unionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Potential of Regional Trade Agreements for Extending Social Protection in Health: Lessons Learned and Emerging Challenges

Holst¹

2009

TOHSPJ

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Globalisation induces nation states to build marketplaces that span various countries with the objective of facilitating trade and improving economic competitiveness. International experiences gained from three common markets, the European Union (EU), North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and Common Southern Market (MERCOSUR) allow for drawing some general conclusions that might be helpful for guiding similar processes in other regions and preparing them better for the challenges of human and social rights in open economies. Analysis of existing trade agreements shows that even relevant differences in design, structure, financing, coverage and regulation of health systems in member states do not necessarily prevent them from implementing common block-wide social protection and health service arrangements. Public health activities, epidemiologic surveillance and disease prevention have the potential of being starting points for shared activities of member states in the health field. Bi-or multinational enterprises are eligible to become focal points of cross-border arrangements and regulations, especially if they are public or publicly administered. In general, coordination and cooperation between countries can be tried out or applied first in border regions where there is a high flow of goods, services and persons. When it comes to implementing the social dimension in the policy and priority setting of trade agreements, motivating spirit, driving forces and the concordance of value-sets in member states are crucial conditions. National governments planning to set up or join regional trade agreements have a broad decision margin regarding the extent to which they include social and human rights in regional trade arrangements. International organisations that are promoting regional economic blocks such as the World Bank, the World Trade Organisation and others should inspire political and economic decision-makers to consider health and social protection as crucial points for international trade. There is a broad array of political options between either strengthening the social dimension of common markets or dissolving the existing regional cohesion in favour of entering strictly market-driven blocks. 2 and the Southern Common Market (MERCOSUR) 3 are examples of regional trade agreements established in the second half of the twentieth century. More recent regional initiatives like the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC), 4 the Central

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From heterogeneity to harmonization? Recent trends in European health policy

Abstract: In the European Union (EU),

Cited by 6 publications

References 5 publications

Liquid biopsies and cancer omics

Liquid biopsies and cancer omics

Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση Και Πολιτική Υγείας: Οι Μηχανισμοί Εξευρωπαϊσμού Των Συστημάτων Υγείας

The Potential of Regional Trade Agreements for Extending Social Protection in Health: Lessons Learned and Emerging Challenges

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