Distribuição social da AIDS no Brasil, segundo participação no mercado de trabalho, ocupação e status sócio-econômico dos casos de 1987 a 1998

Fonseca, Maria Goretti P.; Travassos, Cláudia; Bastos, Francisco Inácio; Silva, Nelson do Valle; Szwarcwald, Célia Landmann

doi:10.1590/s0102-311x2003000500013

Cited by 51 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(24 reference statements)

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“…Although no case of HIV infection was observed, the important burden of STI indicates that women in Pacoti, and presumably elsewhere in rural Brazil, are at high risk along with the current spread of the AIDS epidemic towards smaller municipalities, lower income groups and women (Fonseca et al 2000(Fonseca et al , 2003. Therefore, our study calls for urgent control measures against STI in rural areas, including improved diagnostic and treatment facilities, and appropriate case management.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Sexually transmitted infections, bacterial vaginosis, and candidiasis in women of reproductive age in rural Northeast Brazil: a population-based study

Oliveira

Pfleger²,

Lang³

et al. 2007

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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Population-based data on sexually transmitted infections (STI), bacterial vaginosis (BV), Laboratory testing included polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for human papillomavirus (HPV), ligase chain reaction (LCR) for Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae, ELISA for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), venereal disease research laboratory (VDRL) and fluorescent treponema antibody absorption test (FTA-ABS) for syphilis, and analysis of wet mounts, gram stains and Pap smears for trichomoniasis, candidiasis, and BV. Only women who had initiated sexual life were included in the analysis (n = 592). The prevalences of STI were , chlamydia 4. 5% (3.0-6.6), trichomoniasis 4.1% (2.7-6.1), gonorrhoea 1. 2% (0.5-2.6), syphilis 0. 2% (0.0-1.1), and HIV 0%. The prevalence of ) and 12. 5% (10.0-15.5 ), respectively. The most common gynaecological complaint was lower abdominal pain. STI are common in women in rural Brazil and represent an important health threat in view of the HIV pandemic.Key words: sexually transmitted infections -reproductive tract infections -prevalence -epidemiology -Brazil Sexually transmitted infections (STI) are a major cause of morbidity throughout the world, particularly in developing countries (Gerbase et al. 1998). In women, STI are often chronic and present with little or no symptoms, but eventually may lead to severe sequels, such as chronic pelvic inflammatory disease, ectopic pregnancy, and infertility (WHO 2000). The impact of STI on the health of women tends to be more severe in resourcepoor settings where diagnostic and treatment facilities are inappropriate. Here, women often are not aware of STI as health problems, and health care seeking behaviour is poor (Giffin & Lowndes 1999). Relatively high prevalences of STI have been documented in such settings e.g. from Brazil, Papua New Guinea, and The Gambia (Walraven et al. 2001, Mgone et al. 2002, Soares et al. 2003. STI, as well as bacterial vaginosis (BV), are considered to increase the risk of acquiring human immunodefiency virus (HIV) (Sewankambo et al. 1997, Rottingen et al. 2001.In Brazil, the HIV epidemic is characterized by changing dynamics, currently reaching new population groups, namely women, underprivileged individuals, and communities outside the great urban centres (Fonseca et al. 2000, Brazilian Ministry of Health 2006. Reliable epidemiological data from Brazilian women on STI and other reproductive tract infections (RTI), such as BV and candidiasis, are scanty. Syphilis and HIV in pregnant women, AIDS, and congenital syphilis are notifiable infections, but the epidemiologic situation of other RTI is rather enigmatic. Studies have addressed the issue of STI in certain specific groups, such as patients attending STI clinics, gynaecology and obstetric outpatient departments, female prisoners or commercial sex workers (Miranda et al. 2000, Benzaken et al. 2002, Codes et al. 2002, Cook et al. 2004. However, these studies do not allow to conclude on the burden of disease on the community level.To increase further the knowledge...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Sexually transmitted infections, bacterial vaginosis, and candidiasis in women of reproductive age in rural Northeast Brazil: a population-based study

Oliveira

Pfleger²,

Lang³

et al. 2007

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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“…In a study among pregnant women in 27 municipalities in southern Brazil in 2003, 0.5% HIV prevalence was reported (Cardoso et al, 2005) and women have been accounting for an increasing number of AIDS cases in recent years. Poorer sections of the population appear to be most vulnerable, with increasing HIV infection rates being found among poorly educated people in the lower socioeconomic strata (Cardoso et al, 2005;Fonseca et al, 2003).…”

Section: Outbreaks Of Hiv Are Occurring Among Injecting Drug Users Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

Grand challenges in chronic non-communicable diseases

Daar

Сингер

Persad

et al. 2007

Nature

552

379

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“…The epidemic is increasing more quickly in population groups with less schooling and lower socioeconomic status 4,5,6 , and IDUs have been the group with the worst socioeconomic situation since the beginning of the epidemic 7 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

AIDS incidence and mortality in injecting drug users: the AjUDE-Brasil II Project

2006

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Distribuição social da AIDS no Brasil, segundo participação no mercado de trabalho, ocupação e status sócio-econômico dos casos de 1987 a 1998

Cited by 51 publications

References 21 publications

Sexually transmitted infections, bacterial vaginosis, and candidiasis in women of reproductive age in rural Northeast Brazil: a population-based study

Sexually transmitted infections, bacterial vaginosis, and candidiasis in women of reproductive age in rural Northeast Brazil: a population-based study

Grand challenges in chronic non-communicable diseases

AIDS incidence and mortality in injecting drug users: the AjUDE-Brasil II Project

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