Rationale for the study of the human sex ratio in population studies of polluted environments

Jarrell, John

doi:10.1590/s0102-311x2002000200007

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…James reported that normal values of gonadal hormones like testosterone and oestrogen reflect the health status of women and men, and are associated with an increase in SSR; in contrast, high levels of gonadotrophic hormones (FSH, LH) reflect an unhealthy status and are associated with a decrease in the ratio in his research and reviews about sex ratios (39)(40)(41). Low SSR in people with dioxin, dibromochloropropane (DBCP) exposure, which have strong anti-oestrogenic and anti-androgenic effects on environmental pollution, are considered among the factors associated with endocrine disruptive chemicals, which support this view (30,42). In industrialised North American and Northern European countries, increasing pollution leading to endocrinologic destruction has been suggested to be responsible for the decrease in SSR in recent decades (43).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Impact of earthquakes on sex ratio at birth: Eastern Marmara earthquakes

Döğer¹,

Çakıroğlu²,

Köpük³

et al. 2013

J Turkish German Gynecol Assoc

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Objective: Previous reports suggest that maternal exposure to acute stress related to earthquakes affects the sex ratio at birth. Our aim was to examine the change in sex ratio at birth after Eastern Marmara earthquake disasters. Material and Methods:This study was performed using the official birth statistics from January 1997 to December 2002 -before and after 17 August 1999, the date of the Golcuk Earthquake -supplied from the Turkey Statistics Institute. The secondary sex ratio was expressed as the male proportion at birth, and the ratio of both affected and unaffected areas were calculated and compared on a monthly basis using data from gender with using the Chi-square test. Results:We observed significant decreases in the secondary sex ratio in the 4th and 8th months following an earthquake in the affected region compared to the unaffected region (p= 0.001 and p= 0.024). In the earthquake region, the decrease observed in the secondary sex ratio during the 8th month after an earthquake was specific to the period after the earthquake. Conclusion:Our study indicated a significant reduction in the secondary sex ratio after an earthquake. With these findings, events that cause sudden intense stress such as earthquakes can have an effect on the sex ratio at birth. (J Turkish-German Gynecol Assoc 2013; 14: 92-7) Key words: Earthquakes, sex ratio at birth Received: 18 April, 2013 Accepted: 09 May, 2013 Amaç: Önceki çalışmalarda, depremler ile ilişkili maternal akut stres maruziyetinin doğumda cinsiyet oranına etkisi bildirilmişti. Bu çalış-mada amacımız Doğu Marmara deprem felaketlerinden sonra doğumda cinsiyet oranındaki değişimi incelemekti. Gereç ve

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Impact of earthquakes on sex ratio at birth: Eastern Marmara earthquakes

Döğer¹,

Çakıroğlu²,

Köpük³

et al. 2013

J Turkish German Gynecol Assoc

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“…No significant change in the sex ratio was observed in Fukuoka and Nagasaki, Japan, following accidental contamination of rice oil with dioxinlike compounds (Yoshimura et al, 2001). Using a causality algorithm, Jarrell (2002) concluded that dioxin, dibromochloropropane, and hexachlorobenzene reduce the number of male births.…”

Section: Mortalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Expressing urine from a gel disposable diaper for biomonitoring using phthalates as an example

Liu

Xia

Guo

et al. 2012

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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The urinary metabolites of phthalates are well-accepted exposure biomarkers for adults and children older than 6 years but are not commonly used for infants owing to non-convenient sampling. In the light of this situation, a novel sampling method based on monitoring the urine expressed from the gel diaper was developed. The urine was expressed from the gel absorbent after mixing the absorbent with CaCl2 and then collected by a laboratory-made device; the urinary phthalate metabolites were extracted and cleaned using a solid-phase extraction (SPE) column and analyzed with high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry / mass spectrometry. To evaluate the method's feasibility, the following factors were investigated: the proportion of CaCl2 to gel absorbent, the urination volume variation and the target compounds' deposition bias in the diaper, the matrix blank of the different diaper brands, the storage stabilities and the recoveries of creatinine and phthalate metabolites in the expressed urine. Mono-methyl phthalate, mono-ethyl phthalate, mono-butyl phthalate, mono-benzyl phthalate, mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate and mono-2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl phthalate were involved. 70-80% of the urine can be expressed from the diaper, and the expressed spiking recoveries and the limit of detection of mono-phthalates ranged from 88.5-115% and 0.21-0.50 ng/ml. The method was applied to measure phthalate metabolites in 65 gel diaper samples from 15 infants, and the pilot data suggests the infants are commonly exposed to phthalates. In summary, the method for monitoring of infant exposure to phthalates is sound and validated, and the potential health effects from the vulnerable infants' exposure to phthalates should be concerned.39th Scientific Research Foundation for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars (SRF for ROCS); Hundred Talent Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS); CAS/SAFEA International Partnership Program for Creative Research Teams [KZCX2-YW-T08

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“…Moreover, and beyond pure demography, the ratio has been suggested as a sentinel environmental health indicator (Davis et al 1998;Jarrell 2002) based on: (a) its recent observed decline in many industrialised countries-including Greece (Grech et al 2003;Mathews and Hamilton 2005;Parazzini et al 1998) (b) increasing concern regarding the wide dispersion in the environment of certain chemicals, known as endocrine disruptors, and their effects on reproductive health (Barlow et al 1999;Jarrell 2002) and (c) certain well-documented cases where accidental or occupational exposure of parents significantly affected the sex of their offspring (de Gomez et al 2002;Grant and Metcalf 2003;Mocarelli et al 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal and spatial trends in the sex ratio at birth in Greece, 1960–2006: exploring potential environmental factors

Tragaki

Lasaridi

2009

Popul Environ

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Numerous studies have shown that the sex ratio at birth, defined as the relative number of male and female births, may be dramatically lower for small cohorts with high chemical exposures. Meanwhile, reports from different countries have shown recent declines in male births for the general population, perhaps implicating environmental factors. The sex ratio at birth has, therefore, been suggested by some as a sentinel environmental health indicator. This paper examines variation observed in sex ratio at birth in Greece since 1960. The analysis incorporates a number of demographic parameters including the age and nationality of the mother, partnership status and birth order, as well as urbanisation level. The latter is considered an indirect indicator of potential environmental incidence. Our main finding is that the sex ratio in Greece has experienced a slight, albeit statistically significant, downward trend, especially since 1980. Further, this decline is not attributable to changing demographics. Geographical differentiations were found to be quite significant: the sex ratio is significantly higher in rural areas compared to urban centres or Greater Athens, and this difference is increasing over time. We offer a preliminary interpretation suggesting that these temporal and spatial trends may, at least partly, be attributed to chemicals' exposure due to higher levels of indoor and outdoor air pollution and different consumption habits encountered in urban settings. We argue that such possibilities warrant further research with explicit measures of exposure.

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Rationale for the study of the human sex ratio in population studies of polluted environments

Cited by 13 publications

References 25 publications

Impact of earthquakes on sex ratio at birth: Eastern Marmara earthquakes

Impact of earthquakes on sex ratio at birth: Eastern Marmara earthquakes

Expressing urine from a gel disposable diaper for biomonitoring using phthalates as an example

Temporal and spatial trends in the sex ratio at birth in Greece, 1960–2006: exploring potential environmental factors

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