Viroses emergentes e reemergentes

Abstract

Recent decades have witnessed previously unknown viruses like HIV, along with other previously controlled viruses like dengue. The most important mechanisms have been the emergence of new viral strains by genetic alterations, the breakdown of species barriers by viruses

Análise espacial da ocorrência de dengue e condições de vida na cidade de Nova Iguaçu, Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil

“…O aumento do número de casos e a disseminação para novas áreas geográficas, especialmente as regiões tropicais, fazem da doença um importante problema de saúde pública 1,2,3,4 . Reconhece-se que, assim como em outras viroses reemergentes, seu desencadeamento se relaciona às atividades humanas que modificam o ambiente 3,5,6 .…”

Emerging and reemerging diseases in Brazil: data of a recent history of risks and uncertainties

“…Among these measures we point out the following [1,[29][30][31][32]: a) Encourage communication and circulation of information about emerging and reemerging diseases as well as ensure the implementation of preventive strategies; b) Establish a strategy based on an attitude of surveillance and alert, with a network of hierarchically organized laboratories, adequate equipment and supply of inputs and qualified human resources; c) Strengthen the national capacity of developing preventive strategies against emerging and reemerging diseases; d) Promote applied research for quick diagnosis and treatment of emerging and reemerging diseases and risk prevention; e) Promote applied research integrating the laboratory and epidemiological survey systems; f) Strengthen the communication between laboratories (research and diagnostic) and health services for improving the surveillance of infectious biological agents; g) Maintain systematic survey of known vectors and reservoirs of emerging and reemerging diseases; h) Systemize the survey of risk factors and environmental and climatic elements favoring epidemics; i) Create a structure for integrated survey of causing agents and risk factors allowing for analyzing information quickly and efficiently and for taking opportune decisions with most well-founded confidence possible. The prevention of epidemics, epizooties and pests as well as the appropriate decisions for minimizing their impact are not only responsibility of the specific governmental organisms normally in charge of these activities in the different countries.…”

A questão ambiental na promoção da saúde: uma oportunidade de ação multiprofissional sobre doenças emergentes

“…Segundo Schatzmayr (2001), as doenças ditas reemergentes, principalmente as virais, acontecem por meio de três mecanismos possíveis. Estes estão relacionados às modificações dos vírus, incluindo o surgimento de novas variantes; à capacidade de transpor a barreira de espécie; ou à disseminação de determinado vírus, a partir de uma pequena população humana ou animal, na qual ele surgiu ou foi originalmente introduzido.…”