Spatial statistical methods in health

Bailey, Trevor

doi:10.1590/s0102-311x2001000500011

Cited by 71 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 111 publications

(109 reference statements)

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“…9,14 Given the need to increase the understanding of the dynamics of production and transmission of HIV/AIDS infection, instruments traditionally used in GIS can be useful to identify areas with a greater concentration of cases, in addition to enabling the identifi cation of places with higher risk of infection, using statistical models with greater explanatory potential. 1,2,3 The use of georeferenced points in maps allows greater accuracy of analysis, because it is assumed that possible inner differences and inequalities in an area, divided into polygons, will not disappear. Thus, the onset of a disease is the focus, as a result of the demographic and social structure of the city and its differentiation in the country.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A model was adjusted for each period, where the sex variable was used as response (coded as 1 for men and 0 for women) and the pair of geographic coordinates of cases, included as a non-parametric variable in a smoothing function, as predictive variable. 1 In this way, the values predicted by the model represent the relative proportion between men and women suffering from this disease.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Expressão geográfica da epidemia de Aids em Campinas, São Paulo, de 1980 a 2005

2010

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OBJECTIVE:To analyze the spatial distribution of reported AIDS cases in adults and its association with living conditions in the city of Campinas, Southeastern Brazil. METHODS:Data on AIDS cases in men (n=2,945) and women (n=1,230) aged more than 13 years and living in Campinas, recorded in the SINAN (Brazilian Information System for Notifi able Diseases), were used to map the spatial distribution of this disease and the male:female ratio. Maps were constructed for the following periods: from 1980 to 1995, from 1996 to 2000, and from 2001 to 2005. The variables included in the analysis were address, sex and age. A weighted composite index was used to study living and health conditions in the area. Patients' home addresses were geocoded on a cartographic base, after correction and standardization according to a reference database of streets. A generalized additive model was adjusted to analyze the spatial distribution of the ratio of male:female cases in space, in the three study periods. RESULTS:The ratio of male:female cases was higher in areas with better living conditions (central) and around the prison (northwestern), where families of prisoners and former prisoners live temporarily, while this ratio was lower in the city suburbs (southwestern). CONCLUSIONS:The trends towards the AIDS epidemic affecting more women and poorer individuals were confi rmed by the decrease in the ratio of male:female cases in the period, particularly in vulnerable and impoverished populations. Geographic information systems and spatial data analysis can be useful for AIDS control and surveillance actions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expressão geográfica da epidemia de Aids em Campinas, São Paulo, de 1980 a 2005

2010

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“…Moreover, emergency room data provide case event data for which location information is known for each individual. 1,5 Case event data include detailed information and, in contrast with lattice data, are not subjected to the ecological fallacy. 1,3 The objective of the present study was to estimate the spatial intensity function of urban violence events using hospital records and a methodology based on point processes and wavelet analysis.…”

Section: Conclusõesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1,5 Case event data include detailed information and, in contrast with lattice data, are not subjected to the ecological fallacy. 1,3 The objective of the present study was to estimate the spatial intensity function of urban violence events using hospital records and a methodology based on point processes and wavelet analysis. 7,b,c This approach constitutes a useful tool to analyze multidimensional data, especially with respect to spatial or time-spatial distribution, for research and practical applications.…”

Section: Conclusõesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial analysis of urban violence based on emergency room data

Lima¹,

Singer

Saldiva

2008

Rev. Saúde Pública

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OBJECTIVE:To estimate the spatial intensity of urban violence events using wavelet-based methods and emergency room data. METHODS:Information on victims attended at the emergency room of a public hospital in the city of São Paulo, Southeastern Brazil, from January 1, 2002 to January 11, 2003 were obtained from hospital records. The spatial distribution of 3,540 events was recorded and a uniform random procedure was used to allocate records with incomplete addresses. Point processes and wavelet analysis technique were used to estimate the spatial intensity, defi ned as the expected number of events by unit area. RESULTS:Of all georeferenced points, 59% were accidents and 40% were assaults. There is a non-homogeneous spatial distribution of the events with high concentration in two districts and three large avenues in the southern area of the city of São Paulo. CONCLUSIONS:Hospital records combined with methodological tools to estimate intensity of events are useful to study urban violence. The wavelet analysis is useful in the computation of the expected number of events and their respective confi dence bands for any sub-region and, consequently, in the specifi cation of risk estimates that could be used in decision-making processes for public policies. Urban violence is a public health problem associated to factors such as sex, age, socioeconomic conditions and cultural characteristics. 4 Identifying and quantifying seasonal and spatial patterns of violence events is essential for better understanding its causes, and could provide input for the development of interventions and prevention policies to reduce health costs.Most studies of external causes a that consider spatial analysis use lattice data, i.e., summary statistics aggregated by geographical areas. This data can be obtained from the Instituto Brasileiro de Geografi a e Estatística

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“…The techniques of spatial analysis are determined by the nature of the data collected (Bailey 2001) and the final result is the choice of an inferential model which explicitly considers the spatial relationship present in the phenomenon (Câmara et al 2000).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%