Digestibility of dry extruded food in adult dogs and puppies

Zanatta, Carolina Pedro; Félix, Ananda Portella; Brito, Cleusa Bernardete Marcon de; Murakami, Fabiane Yukiko; Sabchuk, Tabyta Tamara; Oliveira, Simone Gisele de; Maiorka, Alex

doi:10.1590/s0102-09352011000300038

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 8 publications

(14 reference statements)

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“…In the same study, however, a significant higher CF digestibility was observed in puppies (95·3 %) compared with adult dogs (89·5 %), which is not in agreement with our data. The crude protein fraction in the study by Zanatta et al ( 12 ) showed a trend ( P = 0·06) towards an increased digestibility with age, which is in agreement with the findings of our study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…A study by Taylor et al ( 11 ) did not observe significant differences in apparent faecal energy digestibility between young (<6 years, n 14) and older (>8 years, n 14) dogs of various breeds. A recent study by Zanatta et al ( 12 ) demonstrated that apparent faecal metabolisable energy digestibility did not differ between 6-month and 5-year-old Beagle dogs. In the same study, however, a significant higher CF digestibility was observed in puppies (95·3 %) compared with adult dogs (89·5 %), which is not in agreement with our data.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

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Practical approach to determine apparent digestibility of canine diets

2014

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A practical approach to determine apparent faecal digestibility using privately owned dogs may be a useful tool in evaluating differences in nutrient digestibility between dogs with various life stages. The aim was to develop a simple method that would suit such studies using the whitening agent titanium oxide (TiO2) as an indigestible marker. Forty privately owned, healthy male and female dogs of various breeds were included. Selection was based on an owner questionnaire. Means with their standard errors age and body weight (BW) of the dogs were 6·2 (0·6) years (range 1·0–13·0 years) and 22·3 (2·5) kg (range 5·0–43·2 kg), respectively. Owners were provided a commercial dry extruded diet supplemented with a commercially available TiO2 containing kibble (final dietary TiO2 content: 0·77 g/kg). Dogs were fed the diet for seven consecutive days at 480 kJ × BW0·75. On day 7, owners were asked to collect all faeces during 24 h and store faeces at −20°C. Faecal samples were analysed for DM, ash, N, crude fat (CF), crude fibre and Ti and gross energy (GE) and organic matter were calculated. Means with their standard errors apparent faecal digestibility of GE, DM, organic matter, N, CF and crude fibre was 83·7 (0·71), 77·4 (0·79), 83·0 (0·61), 77·7 (0·81), 94·3 (0·51) and 30·3 (4·85), respectively. No significant differences were observed in nutrient digestibility due to weight, age, sex or neuter status. The digestibility assay using a practical approach described here may be a promising tool to determine digestibility of dietary nutrients under free-living conditions. Owner compliance, however, is a potentially limiting factor.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Practical approach to determine apparent digestibility of canine diets

2014

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“…The shorter transit time, associated with the developing intestinal microbiota of puppies, may explain the faecal characteristic differences between adult dogs and puppies. The results of the present experiment are in agreement with the findings of Zanatta et al (2011) andF elix et al (2013), who observed that the faeces of puppies presented higher moisture and ammonia content compared with those from adult dogs.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Effect of potato on kibble characteristics and diet digestibility and palatability to adult dogs and puppies

Domingues

Murakami

Zattoni

et al. 2019

Italian Journal of Animal Science

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The objective was to evaluate kibble characteristics, coefficients of total tract apparent digestibility (CTTAD) of nutrients, metabolisable energy (ME), palatability, and faecal characteristics of diets containing potato starch (PS) fed to adult dogs and puppies. Four diets containing 0, 100, 200, or 300 g/kg PS, at the expense of corn, were evaluated in three experiments. Experiment 1 evaluated the physical characteristics of the diets. Experiment 2 evaluated diet digestibility and faecal characteristics in eight adult dogs (7 years old) and eight puppies (6 months old) according to a double 4 Â 4 Latin square design. Experiment 3 evaluated palatability (0 vs. 100 g/kg of PS and 0 vs. 300 g/kg of PS diets) using 16 puppies. Diets with the highest PS level presented the largest kibbles expansion ratio, greater hardness and number of pores while the density was decreased (p < .001). The inclusion of PS increased (p < .05) CTTAD of dry matter (DM) and gross energy, and ME of diets and faecal DM, for adult dogs and puppies, and CTTAD of crude protein and total starch in puppies (p < .05). Potato starch reduced ammonia levels in the faeces of puppies (p < .001). Faecal pH and score were not influenced by dietary PS inclusion either in adult dogs or puppies (p > .05). Puppies preferred diets (p < .05) containing higher PS levels. The addition of PS in the diets produces kibbles with a high expansion index and low density. Potato starch is a good starch source for adult dogs, and particularly for puppies, as it improves the digestibility of dietary nutrients and increases faecal DM, in addition of being more palatable than corn. HIGHLIGHTSPotato starch increases expansion and reduces density of kibbles. Potato starch presents higher digestibility and metabolizable energy than corn. Potato starch improves diet palatability.

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“…Pet feeding is aimed to provide a better quality of life and to maintain optimal health status. Therefore, each serving offered to a cat or dog must ensure to cover the basic nutritional requirements based on its physiological stage and physical activity [31,32]. In the formulation of animal feed, both the quality of the raw materials and the manufacturing process are involved in the nutritional quality of the finished product [32,33,34].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pet Food Quality Assurance and Safety and Quality Assurance Survey within the Costa Rican Pet Food Industry

Leiva

Molina

Redondo-Solano

et al. 2019

Animals

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Costa Rican animal feed production is continually growing, with approximately 1,238,243 metric tons produced in 2018. Production-wise, pet cat and dog food are in fifth place (about 41,635 metric tons per year) amongst animal feeds, and it supplies up to 90% of the national market. Pet food production has increased as a response to the increase in the population of dogs and cats in Costa Rica, where 50.5% of households own at least one dog and indicates more responsible ownership in terms of feeding pets. Part of the process of making dry pet food involves a thermal process called extrusion, which is capable of eliminating the microbial load. However, extrusion can compromise nutritional quality to some extent by denaturing proteins, oxidizing lipids, and reducing digestibility. The objective of this study was to evaluate the quality and safety of dry pet food and to assess the effect of the extrusion process on digestibility and the quality of proteins, amino acids, and fatty acids. Pet food samples were collected before and after extrusion and were used to evaluate Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP), based on Central American Technical Regulation (RTCA 65.05.63:11). In general terms, weaknesses in infrastructure, documentary evidence, and post-process practices were observed in two Costa Rican feed manufactories. Feed safety was surveyed through the analysis of Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli, Listeria spp., Staphylococcus aureus, aerobic mesophilic microorganisms, fungi, and yeasts counts. The extrusion process effectively reduced pathogenic microorganisms, and showed no effect on the digestibility of dog food (p = 0.347), however, it could reduce the availability of some nutrients (e.g., amino acids, fatty acids). Furthermore, a retrospective diagnosis was made for puppy food (n = 68), dog food (n = 158), and cat food (n = 25), to evaluate the history of nutritional quality and safety. Finally, it can be confirmed that the correct implementation of GMP allows feed manufacturers to deliver a product of optimum texture, smell, nutritional composition, and safety.

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Digestibility of dry extruded food in adult dogs and puppies

Cited by 4 publications

References 8 publications

Practical approach to determine apparent digestibility of canine diets

Practical approach to determine apparent digestibility of canine diets

Effect of potato on kibble characteristics and diet digestibility and palatability to adult dogs and puppies

Pet Food Quality Assurance and Safety and Quality Assurance Survey within the Costa Rican Pet Food Industry

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