Multidrug-resistant Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli in dogs with diarrhea

Detection of virulence and antimicrobial resistance genes in Escherichia coli isolates from diarrhoiec dogs in Iran

“…The stx inhibits protein synthesis and allows invasion of the intestinal mucosa similar to what is observed in human shigellosis (Nguyen and Speradio 2012). The 92.8% stx gene prevalence in this study is higher when compared with 40 and 44.4% stx gene prevalence among 92 (from 25 diarrhoeic dogs) and 20 (from 45 diarrhoeic dogs) faecal E. coli isolates reported in Brazil Marin 2008, Paula andMarin 2009) and Canada (Hammermueler et al 1995), respectively. In Iran, Zahraei et al (2011) reported 4% stx gene prevalence among 10 pathogenic E. coli isolates from 100 apparently healthy/diarrhoeic dogs while Koochakzadeh et al (2014) reported 18.9% stx gene prevalence among 79 pathogenic E. coli isolates from a population of 252 canidae/equidae.…”

“…Detection of stx (1) in 64.3% of the isolates as against eae (50%), stx(2) (35.7%) and cnf(1) (7.1%) in this study, suggested that stx (1) may be the dominant virulence gene harbored by E. coli strains isolated from dogs with diarrhoea in Iran. The 63.4% stx(1) gene prevalence recorded in this study is higher when compared with 8.9 and 7.6% stx(1) gene prevalence among 20 and 92 E. coli isolates from dogs with diarrhoea reported in Canada (Hammermueler et al 1995) and Brazil Marin 2008, Paula andMarin 2009), respectively. It is also higher than 12.3% stx(1) gene prevalence among 57 faecal E. coli isolates from healthy dogs reported in Canada (Hammermueler et al 1995), and 18.9% prevalence among 79 faecal E. coli isolates from canidae/equidae reported in Iran (Koochakzadeh et al 2014).…”

“…E. coli have been implicated severally in clinical cases of diarrhoea in dogs (Beutin 1999, Morato et al 2009, Paula and Marin 2009, Puno-Sarmiento et al 2013. But mere isolation of E. coli from diarrhoiec faeces is not enough to regard such isolate as a diarrhoeagenic strain.…”

“…Diarrhoeic animals defecate frequently and uncontrollably, thus they tend to spread E. coli more than the non-diarrhoeic ones. Because both pathogenic and non-pathogenic E. coli isolates are potential reservoirs of antimicrobial resistance genes, their presence in diarrhoeic faeces of dogs pose serious threat to public health following zoonotic transmission; dog owners/handlers, children and veterinarians, are more at risk since they have direct close contact with these animals (Hammermueler et al 1995, Paula andMarin 2009). In many parts of the world, compromise/ complications during antibacterial therapy in dog owners were traced to acquisition of antibacterial resistance genes from E. coli colonizing companion animals (Warren et al 2001, Abatcha et al 2014.…”

“…Isolation of diarrhoeagenic antimicrobial-resistant E. coli from dogs with or without diarrhoea and/or their handlers have been reported in countries such as Italy (Carattoli et al 2005), Portugal (Costa et al 2008, Bien et al 2011, Poland (Rzewuska et al 2015), Brazil (de Almeida et al 2012, Paula and Marin 2008, Paula and Marin 2009, Siqueira et al 2009, Puno-Sarmiento et al 2013, the Netherlands (Ewers et al 2010, Ewers et al 2012, Argentina (Bentancor et al 2007), America (Shaheen et al 2011), and Egypt (Ali andMetwaly 2015, Yunis et al 2015). In the available literature, studies on pathogenic E. coli in diarrhoeic and/or healthy dogs in Iran include the reports of Zahrei Salehi et al (2011) and Koochakzadeh et al (2014).…”