Neuronal vacuolation and spongiform lesions in young Rottweiler dogs

Jardim, Luciana S.; Andrade-Neto, J.P.; Alessi, A. C.

doi:10.1590/s0102-09351999000500010

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…NVSCD is a neurodegenerative disorder characterised clinically by progressive paresis, ataxia, and laryngeal dysfunction, and histologically by neuronal vacuolation and axonal necrosis. There have been 16 case reports (DeLahunta and Summers 2016, Eger and others 1998, Jardim and others 1999, Kortz and others 1997, Pumarola and others 1999, Salvadori and others 2007, Salvadori and others 2005, Van den Ingh and others 1998), all described in young rottweiler dogs, with the exception of one that reported the disorder in a mixed‐breed dog. The disorder has been reported in the USA, Belgium, Netherlands, Spain, Switzerland, Italy, Brazil and Australia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A case of neuronal vacuolation and spinocerebellar degeneration in a juvenile rottweiler

Cowan

Slanina

Choi

2016

Vet Record Case Reports

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A four-month old female Rottweiler was presented for a ten-week history of progressive dyspnoea, spinocerebellar ataxia and tetraparesis that had been unresponsive to empirical treatment. Neurological examination revealed obtundation, an ambulatory tetraparesis (worse in the hindlimbs) with spinocerebellar ataxia, head titubations, miotic pupils, positional vertical nystagmus, an intermittent ventrolateral strabismus and delayed postural reactions in all four limbs. General physical examination revealed inspiratory stridor. Signs were consistent with multifocal neurological disease with involvement of the brainstem, cerebellum, spinal cord and peripheral nerves. Further diagnostics included an MRI, cerebrospinal fluid analysis, and blood work, which were all unremarkable. The multifocal neurological findings in combination with normal ancillary tests in a young rottweiler were suggestive of a degenerative disease, with the top differential being neuronal vacuolation and spinocerebellar degeneration (NVSCD). Due to the grave prognosis and rapid progression of clinical signs, euthanasia was elected. A complete postmortem examination was performed, which revealed multifocal intracytoplasmic neuronal vacuolisation with axonal degeneration throughout the CNS; severe, generalised bilateral myocyte atrophy and degeneration of the cricoarytenoideus dorsalis (CAD) muscles; and moderate, multifocal, bilateral demyelination of the laryngeal nerves. The histological lesions were pathognomonic for NVSCD, thereby confirming the diagnosis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A case of neuronal vacuolation and spinocerebellar degeneration in a juvenile rottweiler

Cowan

Slanina

Choi

2016

Vet Record Case Reports

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“…Diferente de S. fastigiatum em que a vacuolização é conϐinada apenas as células de Purkinje (Rech 2007), esse achado predominou nestas células, mas ocorreu também em neurônios dos pedúnculos cerebelares, óbex, colículos e tálamo. A presença de raros vacúolos neuronais em outras áreas do SNC, particularmente no núcleo vermelho, pode ocorrer como um achado incidental em animais clinicamente sadios (Jardim et al 1999, Gavier-Widen et al 2001. No entanto esse achado só foi observado em animais com sintomatologia clínica.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Alterações no SNC e morfometria cerebelar de bovinos intoxicados experimentalmente por Solanum paniculatum

et al. 2012

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Some species of Solanum cause poisoning in ruminants clinically characterized by cerebellar disorders and microscopically lysosomal storage disease. There are no speciϐic necropsy injuries and microscopically occurs vacuolation and Purkinje cells loss. Since Solanum paniculatum is the species of greater occurrence in the Northeast region of Brazil and is responsible for spontaneous intoxication outbreaks in Pernambuco State, an experimental delineation was carried out to characterize the clinical and pathological condition of the intoxication. Five cattle were randomly allotted in two groups, with four animals in the experimental group (EG) and one animal as control (CG), with six months of age, no deϐined breed and weighting 120 kg. All animals were kept in stalls along 5 months in the Clínica de Bovinos de Garanhuns/UFRPE. All animals from the experimental group were fed 5g/ kg/body weight/day of the dried leaves of S. paniculatum which was mixed in the ration. The plant was collected in farms where outbreaks of intoxication were described. A Head Raising Test was weekly performed to determine the occurrence of any cerebellum clinical signs and when the result was positive the animal was submitted to a blood and cerebrospinal ϐluid sampling and subsequently euthanized. The CNS and rete mirabile were ϐixed in 10% buffered formalin and stained by hematoxylin-eosin for histological evaluation. Morphometric analysis of cerebellum injuries was accomplished. To evaluate the laboratory results, it was used descriptive analysis and in relation to morphometry the Student t test (p<0.05) was used in the counting of Purkinje cells and the thickness of the molecular layer of the cerebellum the Mann Whitney test, with 5% level of signiϐicance. Three animals showed clinical signs of intoxication a mean period of 90 days and one animal in155 days. Clinical signs involved transient seizure episodes and balance disturbance. At necropsy there were no speciϐic injuries of intoxication observed as well as changes in red and white cell blood count and liquor analysis. Histological examination showed mainly thin vacuolation of the pericardium, loss of Purkinje cells with Wallerian degeneration, spheroid axons in the granular layer and in the marrows white matter with astrocytes Bergman proliferation. Vacuolation and neuron necrosis were also observed in other sites the obex, cerebellum

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“…Spongiform alterations of BSE occur in the neuropil (within neuronal processes, especially dendrites) and in the perikaryon of neurons from specific locations in the brainstem. However, spongiform alterations affecting the neuropil and neuronal bodies are also described in natural and experimental cases of rabies in opossums, foxes (Charlton et al 1987), cattle (Foley & Zachary 1995); in ataxic Rottweiler puppies, (Jardim et al 1999), and in goats with progressive paresis (Lancaster et al 1987). Neuronal vacuolation rich in lipids was observed in one raccoon (Hamir & Fischer 1999).…”

Section: Lesions Of No Clinical Significancementioning

confidence: 95%

Gross and histopathological pitfalls found in the examination of 3,338 cattle brains submitted to the BSE surveillance program in Brazil

et al. 2018

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This study stems from the findings during the gross and histopathological exam of 3,338 cattle brains as part of the bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) active surveillance program of the Brazilian Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, and Supply from 2001 to 2005. The work was carried out in the Veterinary Pathology Laboratory of the Federal University of Santa Maria which at the time (2001-2007) was the national reference laboratory for the diagnosis of BSE and other transmissible spongiform encephalopathies. Both gross and histopathological aspects are described. Several gross aspects were annotated: anatomic normal structures not commonly recognized (non-lesions), lesions of no clinical significance, postmortem changes and artifacts; all these can amount to important pitfalls that distract the pathologist during the routine gross examination of the central nervous system (CNS). Accordingly, equivalent pitfalls were described in the histological examination. Non-lesions observed were the pineal body, embryo remnants such as the external germinal layer of the cerebellum, subependymal plates, and clusters of neuroblasts in the basal ganglia; or circumventricular structures such as area postrema, subcomisural organ, and melanosis in the leptomeninges and vessel walls. Lesions with little or no clinical importance included age-related changes as lipofuscin, hemosiderin, mineralization and hyalinization of vessel walls within the brain and meninges. Corpora amylacea and corpora arenacea were detected respectively in astrocyte processes and the pineal body. Cytoplasmic neuronal vacuolization was observed in the red nucleus and habenular nucleus. Sarcocystis sp. without a correspondent inflammatory reaction was rarely observed. Included within findings with no clinical manifestation were axonal spheroids and perivascular mononuclear cuffings. Changes in the CNS due to killing, sampling and fixation methods can obscure or distract from the more critical lesions. The ones related to the process of killing included hemorrhages caused in cattle destroyed by a captive bolt. Artifacts related to sampling and handling of CNS tissue consisted of inclusion of bone sand in the neural tissue from sawing the calvarium; dark neurons produced by excessive handling of the brain, and micro-organisms that contaminated the tissues during sampling or histological processing. Postmortem autolytic or putrefactive changes observed included vacuolar changes in the myelin sheath, clear halos surrounding neurons and oligodendrocytes, clusters of putrefaction bacilli within vessels or dispersed throughout the brain tissue associated or not to clear halos. One interesting, and somewhat frequent, postmortem autolytic change found in the bovine brain was the partial dissolution of the granule cell layer (GCL) of the cerebellum, also referred to as conglutination of the GCL or as the French denomination “état glace”. Due to the shortage of comprehensive publications in the subject, this review is intended to address the main pitfalls that can be observed in the brain of cattle hoping to help other pathologists avoiding misinterpret them.

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Neuronal vacuolation and spongiform lesions in young Rottweiler dogs

Cited by 4 publications

References 7 publications

A case of neuronal vacuolation and spinocerebellar degeneration in a juvenile rottweiler

A case of neuronal vacuolation and spinocerebellar degeneration in a juvenile rottweiler

Alterações no SNC e morfometria cerebelar de bovinos intoxicados experimentalmente por Solanum paniculatum

Gross and histopathological pitfalls found in the examination of 3,338 cattle brains submitted to the BSE surveillance program in Brazil

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