Reaction of wild Solanaceae rootstocks to the parasitism of (Meloidogyne javanica)

Abstract

Intensive production of vegetables in greenhouses can increase the amount of inoculum of soil-borne pathogens, such as the root-knot nematode. Thus, in this study we aimed to evaluate the potential of Solanaceae as rootstocks resistant to Meloidogyne javanica nematodes as an alternative to tomato grafting. The experiment consisted of seven treatments: wild species joá-vermelho (Solanum capsicoides), joá-bagudo (Solanum palinacanthum), joá-bravo (Solanum viarum), jurubeba (Solanum spp.) and the commercial tomato cultivars Santa Cruz Kada, Batalha and Guardião. The analyzed variables were gall index; egg mass index; final nematode population; reproduction factor (FR) and reaction: susceptibility, resistance and immunity; fresh shoot and root mass and number of eggs per gram of roots. The wild species joá-vermelho, joá-bagudo and jurubeba showed resistance, with the lowest indexes of galls, egg mass, final population of nematodes and number of eggs per gram of root, not differing from the resistant control treatment (hybrid rootstock Guardião), with a reproduction factor less than 1, showing potential to be used as a resistant rootstock to M. javanica. Joá-bravo species showed susceptibility to the root-knot nematode, with a FR>1, not differing from the susceptible tomato Santa Cruz Kada. These results confirm the resistance of wild species to nematode parasitism, which can prove the viability of use as possible alternative rootstocks, and reinforce the idea that more studies should be carried out aiming to provide more viable options for farmers and plantlet producers.

Solanum palinacanthum: broad‐spectrum resistance to root‐knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.)

“…The field trials also demonstrated that the nematode population densities in the soil after growing S. palinacanthum were significantly lower than those after growing susceptible plants under field conditions. To the best of our knowledge, RKN‐resistance of S. palinacanthum was reported only by Carsodo et al ., 24 in which S. palinacanthum showed M. javanica ‐resistance.…”

“…18,19 This plant has been studied exclusively for its metabolites and chemical components intended for medical or pharmaceutical use, [20][21][22][23] and there are few studies of its use in agriculture, such as host resistance for phytophagous nematode control. 24 We conducted the present study to evaluate host suitability for the most important species of RKN in Japan (M. incognita, M. arenaria genotypes A2-J and A2-O, M. javanica, and M. hapla) on S. palinacanthum, and to test the effectiveness of the resistance by cultivating S. palinacanthum under field conditions infested with natural populations of RKN. In general, M. arenaria is divided into types A1, A2, and A3 by isozyme patterns.…”

“…collection, we found a resistant species identified as S. palinacanthum , which is a wild relative of eggplant distributed in South America 18,19 . This plant has been studied exclusively for its metabolites and chemical components intended for medical or pharmaceutical use, 20–23 and there are few studies of its use in agriculture, such as host resistance for phytophagous nematode control 24 …”

Solanum palinacanthum Dunal as a potential eggplant rootstock resistant to root‐knot nematodes

“…The wild Solanum plant Solanum palinacanthum was recently found to be resistant to RKN (Cardoso et al, 2019;Murata et al, 2020).…”

“…This plant has been studied mainly for medical and pharmaceutical use (Almeida et al, 2010;Bouzada et al, 2009;Matias et al, 2016;Moreira et al, 2013), whereas its usefulness in agriculture is poorly understood. Using self-rooted plants in pot and/or field trials, Cardoso et al (2019) and Murata et al (2020) reported that S. palinacanthum suppressed M. incognita, M. arenaria, M. javanica and M. hapla, indicating that S. palinacanthum is useful for RKN management and it can also be used as rootstock for Solanum plants.…”