Photosynthetic characteristics in species and interspecific hybrids of tomato

Abstract

Gas exchanges in species and interspecific hybrids of tomato in different environments may contribute to the development and selection of genotypes with a higher tolerance to adverse cultivation conditions. This study aimed to assess the photosynthetic characteristics of wild tomato species and the cultivar Redenção, as well as the respective F1 hybrids of interspecific crosses cultivated under two environments. The experimental design was a randomized block design with three replications and the assessment of six wild accessions, one cultivar, and the respective interspecific hybrids under two environments. At 14, 28, 42, 56, and 70 days after transplanting (DAT), gas exchange characteristics were assessed by means of a portable photosynthesis measurement system. The stomatal density of abaxial and adaxial surfaces of first-order leaflets was estimated under a protected cultivation at 56 DAT. We observed a higher influence of wild tomato species and interspecific hybrids on the assessed characteristics when compared to the cultivation environments. The accession ‘LA-716’ and the hybrid ‘Redenção’ × ‘LA-716’ presented the highest water use efficiency and the accessions ‘PI-127826’ and ‘PI-134417’ and the interspecific hybrids ‘Redenção’ × ‘PI-127826’ and ‘Redenção’ × ‘PI-134417’ presented the highest values of CO2 assimilation, transpiration, instantaneous in vivo carboxylation efficiency of Rubisco, and number of stomata on the abaxial leaflet surface. Thus, the descendants of Solanum habrochaites are an interesting alternative to breeding programs that aim to make advances in obtaining strains that exhibit improvement in their photosynthetic characteristics.

Photosynthetic Efficiency of Tomato Plants Submitted to Calcium Silicate Application

“…Gas exchanges may vary depending on the phenological stage of the crop, between cultivars and hybrids (Driever et al, 2014), by management conditions (Zeist et al, 2018), and depending on climatic conditions at the time of assessment (Dalastra et al, 2018).…”

Produtividade, anatomia foliar e qualidade de frutos de híbridos de tomateiro tipo Saladete sob ambiente protegido

“…Analisando espécies selvagens de baixa produtividade em comparação com híbridos comerciais de tomateiro, altamente produtivos cultivados em ambiente protegido, Zeist et al (2018), encontraram grande variação de densidade estomática nas faces abaxial com máximo de 223,33 mm 2 e adaxial com máxima de 100 mm 2 , relacionando com a atividade fotossintética de cada híbrido.…”

“…A eficiência fotossintética pode estar relacionada com o tamanho e forma dos estômatos, além da densidade estomática, considerando ainda que os estômatos não são as únicas estruturas foliares responsáveis pela fotossíntese. Os estômatos são formados através da divisão celular desde a plântula através da luminosidade e superexpressão gênica, relacionada com a eficiência fotossintética (KLERMUND et al, 2016), sendo estruturas importantes para produtividade vegetal, pois são a porta de entrada e escoamento de gases, influenciando diretamente a fotossíntese (SILVA et al, 2005;ZEIST et al, 2018). No entanto, em experimento com cultivo de quatro variedades de batata, Rodríguez et al (2016) encontraram uma relação diretamente proporcional entre maior densidade estomática e menor tamanho dos estômatos.…”

Evaluation of families derived from backcrosses of processed tomato with dwarfism gene

“…It is commonly acknowledged that hybrids and commercial lines should have: a) a high yield potential, b) concentrated maturation period, c) long durability of mature fruits on the plant, d) multiple disease resistance, e) a good canopy cover, f) smaller fruits (SST), and g) higher flesh firmness (Peixoto et al 2017a, Peixoto et al 2017b). The key challenge for Brazilian seed industries is to develop hybrids with these traits in breeding programs (Zeist et al 2018).…”