Diagnosis and recommendation integrated system (DRIS) of tomato in greenhouse

Abstract

Plant nutrition is one of the most important factors for successful cultivation of tomatoes, especially in the greenhouse, and Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS) is an alternative for fertilizer recommendation. This study aimed to establish DRIS norms for tomato plants growing in greenhouse located at Norte Pioneiro do Paraná region (Paraná State, Brazil). Chemical analysis of nutrients on leaves (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn) of hybrid tomatoes (Colibri, Pizzadoro, Debora Max and Granadero), and respective yields of 61 growing areas in greenhouses (24.4 ha) were used. Samples were collected during April to December 2010, in five cities. Five levels of tomato yield (6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 kg plant -1 ) were used for establishing a database with all binary relationships among all the nutrients studied in all samples. The average, standard deviation and variance for each concentration of nutrient were calculated and it was done for relationship among nutrients, also, in each sub-population. We used 55 relationships which showed the highest ratio in the variance between sub-populations. The nutritional content of each nutrient and the nutrient balance index (IBN) of each production level were calculated. The best correlation between IBN and tomato yield was obtained with 8 kg plant -1 of tomato and this value was defined as an index to be used for DRIS. The nutritional diagnosis carried out in crops with yields below 6 kg plant -1 showed relative deficiencies of K and B and relative excess of Mg.

Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System Norms and Sufficiency Ranges for Tomato Greenhouse in Mediterranean Climate

“…Kafkafi et al (1984) proposed that P uptake was strongly affected by low temperature. In the case of Ca and Mg, similar ranges have been found by other authors (Casas and Casas, 1999;Guzm an, 1987;Nuez, 1995;Scucuglia and Creste, 2014). Table 4 shows the sufficiency ranges following individual nutrient concentration for each phenological stage where optimum foliar nutrient was delivered after the DRIS method compared with the concentrations established by other authors (Cadahía, 2008;Hochmuth et al, 1991).…”

“…This fact, can lead to errors when interpreting the results if both tissues are included in the sample (Jones, 1998). In the same way, the highest values of P (Scucuglia and Creste, 2014) maybe related to the better temperature conditions of the experiment. Kafkafi et al (1984) proposed that P uptake was strongly affected by low temperature.…”

“…In Table 3, the sufficiency ranges for optimum foliar nutrients are compared with other authors. Guzm an (1987), Casas and Casas (1999), and Nuez (1995) reported optimum values obtained in the same area, and Scucuglia and Creste (2014) reported values for tomato in greenhouses in Brazil. In this experiment, the N range is similar to those obtained by most of the authors, nevertheless, Nuez (1995) presented higher values.…”

“…Comparative study of general ranges DRIS delivered optimum foliar nutrient concentration ranges for tomato with published sufficiency ranges. Casas and Casas (1999) 35-50 3.0-7.0 35-55 18-35 4.0-8.0 Nuez (1995) 41-58 2.0-5.0 15-25 23-40 6.0-11 Scucuglia and Creste (2014) 29-44 4.0-7.0 35-51 19-35 4.0-8.0 DRIS = diagnosis and recommendation integrated system. Table 4.…”

Establishing diagnosis and recommendation integrated system (DRIS) for industrial use of tomato

“…The lowest productivity was in CRV6 that showed deficiency in Mn and Zn, B, Cu, Fe in excess. This difference in leaf nutrient content between genotypes of high productivity and low productivity corroborates the observations by Scucuglia and Creste (2014). These authors reported alternations in the amount of micronutrients, with sometimes valuse higher in the high yield group and sometimes in the low yield group.…”