Growth, nutrition and yield of eggplant as affected by doses of cattle manure and magnesium thermophosphate plus cow urine

Abstract

The stem growth, nutrition, and fruit yield of eggplant grown with different doses of cattle manure (CM) and magnesium thermophosphate (MT) were studied, according to the Central Composite Matrix of Box (8.3-518; 8.3-3,018; 48.3-518; 48.3-3,018; 0.0-1,768; 56.6-1,768; 28.3-0.0; 28.3-3,536; 28.3-1,768). Potassium sulfate (KS) was also used (24 g plant-1), as well as a cow urine (COU) solution (10 L 100 L-1 H2O, 500 mL plant-1), applied five times in topdressing. Two additional treatments were used: MT without COU and triple superphosphate + urea (TS plus Ur), both with nutrient levels (CM, P2O5, and KS) corresponding to the combination 28.3-1,768. The experimental design was blocks at random, with three replications. CM doses improved plant height (PH) (29.1 t ha-1 of CM; 69.84 cm) and stem diameter (37.8 t ha-1; 19.8 mm), fitting into a quadratic model. However, due to the positive interaction between CM and MT, PH increased up to 86.87 cm when the same CM dose was combined with 3,536 kg ha-1 of MT. CM doses had also a quadratic effect over number of fruits, fruit production per plant, average fruit weight (AFW), and yield, with respective maximum values corresponding to 53.4 t ha-1 (13 fruit), 55.8 t ha-1 (2,822 g plant-1), 47.8 t ha-1 (210 g fruit-1), and 48.8 t ha-1 (34.3 t ha-1), without significant effects of MT. N and P foliar contents did not change with treatments. CM doses increased K, Ca, and S, and decreased Mg foliar contents. But, concerning Ca, was observed negative interaction of MT. COU showed no effect over the characteristics analyzed. The effect of TS + Ur was larger than that of MT + COU on PH and production indexes, except for AFW, but did not differ from them as to macronutrient foliar contents.

Quality of Enriched Liquid Organic Fertilizer from Dairy Cattle Wastes on Closed Agriculture System

“…The highest concentration of Mg has observed in LOF with enrichment of Tithonia and Ageratum combination, although it was not different from that of sole Ageratum. Ageratum biomass was superior in Mg concentration to other green biomasses [19]. The concentration of Mg in LOF enriched with the combination of Tithonia and Ageratum was more than 3.5 times that of control.…”

“…Aerobic fermentation of dairy cattle effluent contains a low concentration of total carbon (318 mg l -1 ), total nitrogen (60 mg l -1 ), phosphorus (4 mg l -1 ), potassium (700 mg l -1 ) and pH of 6.2 [18]. Cattle urine had 3000 mg l -1 nitrogen, 1.6 mg l -1 phosphorus, 613300 mg l -1 potassium, 20 l -1 calcium, 280 mg l -1 magnesium, and 490 mg l -1 sulfur [19]. Therefore, enrichment of animal effluent based liquid organic fertilizer is essential to increase the nutrient content required for plant growth and development.…”

Optimization the Effect of Decanter Cake with Fermented Fertilizer of Cow Urine in Edamame Growth and Yield

“…Decanter cake is the prime N source, and the effect is to stimulate an increase in leaves number and plant height with N increase. Hence, it also found a significant decrease in eggplant stem thickness when N absent [35] and development [36].…”