A new anthophilic species of Drosophila Fallén belonging to the bromeliae group of species (Diptera, Drosophilidae)

Silva, Alessandra de A. R. da; Martins, Marlúcia Bonifácio

doi:10.1590/s0101-81752004000300003

Cited by 15 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…This species flowers mainly during late fall (May) and early winter (June) (Fig. 1), and is able to host larvae of the flavopilosa group as reported recently in the literature (Silva & Martins 2004) based on a personal communication provided by the first author of the present paper.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 69%

Breeding sites of Neotropical Drosophilidae (Diptera): IV. living and fallen flowers of Sessea brasiliensis and Cestrum spp. (Solanaceae)

Santos

Vilela

2005

Rev. Bras. entomol.

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ABSTRACT. Breeding sites of Neotropical Drosophilidae (Diptera). IV. Living and fallen flowers of Sessea brasiliensis and Cestrum spp. (Solanaceae). The flowering phenologies of Sessea brasiliensis and three species of Cestrum (C. amictum, C. schlechtendalii and C. sendtnerianum), all belonging to the Solanaceae, were monitored in a fragment of the montane Atlantic rain forest within São Paulo city from July 1993 through June 1995. A total of 11,021 flies belonging to five species of the flavopilosa group of Drosophila (D. cestri, D. cordeiroi, D. hollisae, D. incompta and D. mariaehelenae), plus 1,244 flies belonging to four species of Zygothrica (Z. dispar, Z. vittimaculosa, Z. vittinubila and Z. aff. vittipunctata) emerged from 33,955 sampled flowers. Cestrum amictum, C. sendtnerianum and Sessea brasiliensis are recorded for the first time as host plants for the species of the Neotropical flavopilosa group of Drosophila. Additionally, at least ten less abundant taxa belonging also to the Drosophilidae, plus 1,073 microhymenopteran parasitoids (Braconidae, Eucoilidae, and Pteromalidae), emerged from the sampled flowers of S. brasiliensis e Cestrum spp. The present study raised from nine to eleven the number of species of Cestrum previously recorded as breeding sites for these flies. A comprehensive list of species of Solanaceae known to host six species of Drosophila and four species of Zygothrica in southeastern and southern Brazil is included. Many species of holometabolic insects use ephemeral resources (e.g. fungi, flowers, fruits, etc.) as sites for adult feeding and courting, and larval development. There is, however, variation in the degree of specificity in relation to their host plants. This variation might be related to diverse factors, such as predictability and availability of plant resources in time and space, the diversity of plant species within a community, and the spatial relationships and associations among individual plants (Cates 1980(Cates , 1981Vasconcellos-Neto 1991).Some species of insect that use ephemeral resources, however, have become highly specialized. Those using one or a few species of plants belonging to the same family are considered monophagous, whereas those breeding from a wide Breeding sites of Neotropical Drosophilidae (Diptera). IV. Living and fallen flowers of Sessea brasiliensis and Cestrum spp. (Solanaceae)

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 69%

Breeding sites of Neotropical Drosophilidae (Diptera): IV. living and fallen flowers of Sessea brasiliensis and Cestrum spp. (Solanaceae)

Santos

Vilela

2005

Rev. Bras. entomol.

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“…According to Hamrick et al (1991), these species exhibit low population differentiation. T. speciosum has a self-incompatible breeding system (Souza and Venturieri, 1998), so it is only effectively pollinated if its pollinators (Drosophila spp) visit other individuals in the population (Silva and Martins, 2004), which increases intrapopulation genetic variability.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of fragmentation on the natural genetic diversity of Theobroma speciosum Willd. ex Spreng. populations

Varella¹,

Rossi

Dardengo

et al. 2016

Genet. Mol. Res.

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ABSTRACT. Forest fragmentation reduces the effective size of natural populations, isolates individuals in the landscape, and, consequently, changes species' mating systems by increasing the degree of relatedness between individuals and inbreeding. Investigating the impact of habitat degradation on forest fragments helps to assess the genetic and ecological consequences of these changes, and allows the development of effective and sustainable conservation strategies to manage the genetic resources of species living in degraded landscapes. The aim of the present study was to assess the genetic diversity of fragmented Theobroma speciosum populations using microsatellite markers. Three urban forest fragments were selected in the municipality of Alta Floresta, Mato Grosso State, Brazil, namely C/E park, J park, and Zoo Botanical park. Seventy-five individuals (25 in each fragment) were sampled by collecting their leaves for genomic DNA extraction. Polymerase chain reaction amplifications were performed using nine polymorphic simple sequence repeat primers, which amplified 84 alleles. The mean expected heterozygosity was 0.970, and it was always higher than the observed heterozygosity. Analysis of molecular variance revealed that most variability occurred within populations (64%) rather than between them (36%). The Structure software and an unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean dendrogram revealed three distinct groups, showing that individuals were allocated to their correct populations. Genotype number 3 from C/E park, number 45 from J park, and number 51 from Zoo Botanical park could be used as stock plants in breeding programs, because they were the most dissimilar within the populations studied. The high genetic diversity levels detected in all three populations studied emphasize the importance of protecting this species in its natural habitat.

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“…In a similar study comparing natural and exploited Shorea megistophylla populations, Murawskiet, Dayanandan & Bawa (1994) have found differences in the inbreeding levels of different populations, as well as changes such as increased selfing in the reproductive behavior of exploited populations. However, Theobroma speciosum is a self-incompatible species (Souza & Venturieri, 2010) that, according to Silva and Martins (2004), presented adequate pollination syndrome by Diptera saprophages. Drosophila sp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of fragmentation on the genetic structure of Theobroma speciosum (Malvaceae) populations

Dardengo

Rossi

Varella

2017

RBT

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Native Theobroma species, such as cacauhy, are losing their habitat due to the intense forest fragmentation in the Amazon region, and preserving their genetic diversity has been the focus of many conservation programs. The aim of the present study is to assess whether fragmentation and habitat reduction affect its genetic structure and lead to genetic diversity losses in natural Theobroma speciosum populations. The study was conducted in two Mato Grosso State (Brazil) locations: Apiacás and Alta Floresta counties. Juruena National Park (JNP) in Apiacás County holds a natural T. speciosum population that has not suffered anthropic influences. A population composed of individuals from three anthropized urban forest parks (UF) in Alta Floresta County was analyzed for comparison. The leaves of 75 T. speciosum individuals distributed in the urban forest fragments and of 100 individuals found in the Juruena National Park were sampled. All nine microsatellite loci showed high polymorphism levels between categories (adults and sub-adults), in both populations. The sub-adult individuals of the fragmented area had a higher value (0.71), and the preserved population, the same value (0.69). The analysis of molecular variance showed 83 % genetic diversity within categories; 16 %, between populations; and only 1 %, between categories. Although the effects were small, a persistent fragmentation process can increase inbreeding and facilitate genetic drift, leading T. speciosum populations to inbreeding depression and loss of diversity. Rev. Biol. Trop. 66(1): 218-226. Epub 2018 March 01.Key words: genetic variability, cacauhy, inbreeding, Amazon, anthropic influence, microsatellite.The Amazon is an extraordinary supplier of natural resources to the Brazilian and world populations. The sustainable use of these resources and the lack of biological knowledge about most of the Amazonian flora species are challenges for future generations (Silva et al., 2015).Theobroma speciosum Willd. ex Spreng. (cacauhy) is native to the Amazonian region and it is distributed in primary forests of unflooded lands. This species, although little known, is important because it represents a possible source of resistance among most of the economically relevant species belonging to genus Theobroma (Silva et al., 2015).Native Theobroma species, such as cacauhy, are losing their habitat due to the intense forest fragmentation in the Amazon, and thus preserving the genetic diversity has been the main goal of most conservation programs focused on preserving the gene of interest and on allowing species variability maintenance at genetic level (Bekessy et al., 2002).Forest fragmentation decreases the number of individuals in a given population and, consequently, favors genetic variation losses. Genetic drift is the measured gene frequency of these individuals. In the short term, apart from the gene frequency of the original population, including the allele losses, genetic drift may occur in this small population. It is likely to have increased inbre...

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A new anthophilic species of Drosophila Fallén belonging to the bromeliae group of species (Diptera, Drosophilidae)

Cited by 15 publications

References 1 publication

Breeding sites of Neotropical Drosophilidae (Diptera): IV. living and fallen flowers of Sessea brasiliensis and Cestrum spp. (Solanaceae)

Breeding sites of Neotropical Drosophilidae (Diptera): IV. living and fallen flowers of Sessea brasiliensis and Cestrum spp. (Solanaceae)

Effect of fragmentation on the natural genetic diversity of Theobroma speciosum Willd. ex Spreng. populations

The effects of fragmentation on the genetic structure of Theobroma speciosum (Malvaceae) populations

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