Osteology of the caudal fin of some species of Cichlidae (Pisces, Perciformes, Labroidei)

Sebilia, A.S.C.; Andreata, José Vanderli

doi:10.1590/s0101-81751990000300013

Cited by 11 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…In its internal anatomy and ontogeny, the homocercal fin, however, still clearly shows its ventral evolutionary origin [ 66 ]. In contrast to the other median and paired fins, the fin rays in the caudal fin do not articulate with true radial-distal radial complexes, but instead are connected to highly derived haemal and neural spines (the hypurals, parahypural and epurals, respectively), as well as more anteriorly, to a single unmodified haemal and neural spine [ 24 , 49 , 87 ] (annotated A. burtoni adult caudal fin skeleton shown in Fig. 10a, b ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The vertebral column terminates in the caudal fin complex with a highly derived vertebral element, referred to as the urostyle, which in cichlids consists of three fused vertebral centra [ 49 , 87 ]. The two free vertebral centra anterior of the urostyle, which contain neural and haemal elements forming part of the caudal fin complex, are referred to as pre-ural vertebrae 2 and 3 [ 49 , 50 ]. Additional elements present are the uroneural, which represents the derived fused neural arches of the urostyle, and a highly modified neural arch on pre-ural vertebra 2, articulating with the first epural.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The skeletal ontogeny of Astatotilapia burtoni – a direct-developing model system for the evolution and development of the teleost body plan

et al. 2018

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BackgroundThe experimental approach to the evolution and development of the vertebrate skeleton has to a large extent relied on “direct-developing” amniote model organisms, such as the mouse and the chicken. These organisms can however only be partially informative where it concerns secondarily lost features or anatomical novelties not present in their lineages. The widely used anamniotes Xenopus and zebrafish are “indirect-developing” organisms that proceed through an extended time as free-living larvae, before adopting many aspects of their adult morphology, complicating experiments at these stages, and increasing the risk for lethal pleiotropic effects using genetic strategies.ResultsHere, we provide a detailed description of the development of the osteology of the African mouthbrooding cichlid Astatotilapia burtoni, primarily focusing on the trunk (spinal column, ribs and epicentrals) and the appendicular skeleton (pectoral, pelvic, dorsal, anal, caudal fins and scales), and to a lesser extent on the cranium. We show that this species has an extremely “direct” mode of development, attains an adult body plan within 2 weeks after fertilization while living off its yolk supply only, and does not pass through a prolonged larval period.ConclusionsAs husbandry of this species is easy, generation time is short, and the species is amenable to genetic targeting strategies through microinjection, we suggest that the use of this direct-developing cichlid will provide a valuable model system for the study of the vertebrate body plan, particularly where it concerns the evolution and development of fish or teleost specific traits. Based on our results we comment on the development of the homocercal caudal fin, on shared ontogenetic patterns between pectoral and pelvic girdles, and on the evolution of fin spines as novelty in acanthomorph fishes. We discuss the differences between “direct” and “indirect” developing actinopterygians using a comparison between zebrafish and A. burtoni development.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The skeletal ontogeny of Astatotilapia burtoni – a direct-developing model system for the evolution and development of the teleost body plan

et al. 2018

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“…Relationships of yT. pickfordi to the Cichlidae-Diagnostic characters for the family Cichlidae have been compiled by Fujita (1990), Sebilia and Andreata (1991), Carpenter (2001), Takahashi and Nakaya 2002, and Nelson (2006). yTugenchromis pickfordi can be securely identified as a member of the Cichlidae, based on its possession of the following combination of characters: number of principal caudal fin rays (8 C 8) ( Fig.…”

Section: Systematic Demarcationmentioning

confidence: 99%

†Tugenchromis pickfordi, gen. et sp. nov., from the upper Miocene—a stem-group cichlid of the ‘East African Radiation’

Altner

Schliewen

Penk

et al. 2017

Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology

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The highly diverse tropical freshwater fish family Cichlidae is sparsely represented in the fossil record. Here we describe the new cichlid yTugenchromis pickfordi, gen. et sp. nov., from the Upper Miocene (9-10 Ma) of central Kenya. The new taxon possesses a unique combination of characters, including six lateral line foramina on the lacrimal, three lateral line segments, cycloid scales, and a low number of vertebrae (29), dorsal fin spines (13), and dorsal soft rays (9). Its lacrimal morphology and tripartite lateral line suggest an affinity with the present-day Lake Tanganyika tribes Ectodini and Limnochromini, and thus with members of the 'East African Radiation' among the African cichlids. To further elucidate the relationships of yT. pickfordi, we used a comprehensive comparative data set comprising meristic data from all present-day tribes of the 'East African Radiation.' Principal coordinates analyses support links between the fossil and Ectodini C Limnochromini, and additionally with modern Haplochromini. We conclude that yT. pickfordi could be an extinct lineage within the 'most ancient Tanganyika tribes,' or a stem lineage of the 'ancient Tanganyika mouthbrooders.' A direct relationship to the Haplochromini is unlikely because its members do not exhibit the derived characteristics of the lacrimal as seen in yT. pickfordi. Because Lake Tanganyika is located in the western branch of the East African Rift System, yT. pickfordi from the eastern branch supports the 'melting-pot Tanganyika hypothesis,' which posits that the cichlids of modern Lake Tanganyika are derived from riverine lineages that had already diversified prior to the lake formation.

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“…In the descriptions of the new fossils, we emphasize characters such as the fusion pattern of the hypurals (Vandewalle, 1973), the number of supraneural bones (Kevrekidis et al, 2019), and the number of lateral-line tubules on the lacrimal, the taxonomic and systematic utility of which has previously been demonstrated for cichlids (Trewavas, 1983;Takahashi, 2003aTakahashi, , 2003bAltner et al, 2017Penk et al, 2019), and is supported by the new results presented here (Tables S1, S2). Further taxonomically informative characters that can be recognized in the studied fossils are the shape of the preopercle (Dierickx et al, 2017), the relative depth of the head (e.g., Poll, 1986), the granulation type of the flank scales (Lippitsch, 1990(Lippitsch, , 1992 and whether the neural and hemal spines of the preural centrum 3 support the procurrent rays (Sebilia and Andreata, 1991). †REBEKKACHROMIS VALYRICUS Kevrekidis and Reichenbacher,sp.…”

Section: Systematic Paleontologymentioning

confidence: 99%

New Cichlid Fossils from the Middle-Late Miocene Alkaline Lakes of Africa

Kevrekidis

Ruthensteiner

Cerwenka

et al. 2020

Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology

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The African Cichlidae Oreochromis (Alcolapia) and Oreochromis amphimelas can survive in extremely alkaline environments and represent the only known modern alkaliphilic cichlid fish found in Africa. The presence of fossil cichlids from the Miocene of central Kenya (Tugen Hills) that are morphologically similar to Oreochromis (Alcolapia) has been noted in previous works, but the conclusions remained tentative. The purpose of this study is to examine newly discovered fossil cichlids from the Tugen Hills and to compare their osteology with that of extant Oreochromis (Alcolapia). This is performed based on a comprehensive collection of comparative material, using microscopy and computed microtomography (μCT). We provide a revised diagnosis for the genus †Rebekkachromis, and revise its systematic relationships by assigning it to the Oreochromini (rather than to the Etiini). Two new species of †Rebekkachromis are described, i.e., †R. valyricus, sp. nov., and †R. vancouveringae, sp. nov., and a morphologically diverse assemblage of cooccurring †Rebekkachromis specimens is documented. Moreover, we found that †Rebekkachromis had three sensory canal pores (instead of four) on the lower arm of the preopercle, a feature that distinguishes both the modern Oreochromis (Alcolapia) and our fossil specimens from almost all other modern African cichlid fish. Our new data indicate that alkaliphile cichlids similar to Oreochromis (Alcolapia) were present in Central Kenya about 10-13 Ma ago and that the ability of African cichlid fishes to thrive in highly alkaline waters had already developed by that time.

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Osteology of the caudal fin of some species of Cichlidae (Pisces, Perciformes, Labroidei)

Cited by 11 publications

References 1 publication

The skeletal ontogeny of Astatotilapia burtoni – a direct-developing model system for the evolution and development of the teleost body plan

The skeletal ontogeny of Astatotilapia burtoni – a direct-developing model system for the evolution and development of the teleost body plan

†Tugenchromis pickfordi, gen. et sp. nov., from the upper Miocene—a stem-group cichlid of the ‘East African Radiation’

New Cichlid Fossils from the Middle-Late Miocene Alkaline Lakes of Africa

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