A organização social dos sauís-pretos, (Leontopithecus chrysopygus Mikan), na reserva em Teodoro Sampaio, São Paulo (Primates Callithricidae)

Carvalho, Cory T. de; Carvalho, Cibele F. de

doi:10.1590/s0101-81751989000400017

Cited by 12 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Crompton ( Leontopithecus chrysopygus Carvalho and Carvalho (1989) Mico intermedius Rylands (1982) Mammea punctata…”

Section: Otolemur Crassicaudatusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exudativory in Primates: Interspecific Patterns

Smith

2010

The Evolution of Exudativory in Primates

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This chapter reviews the extent of primate gummivory, identifies phylogentic patterns in the degree of gummivory across primates, and examines overlap in the plant species whose exudates are consumed. Plant exudates are exploited both routinely and opportunistically by at least 69 species of strepsirrhine, platyrrhine, and catarrhine primates. Gummivory is particularly prevalent among the callitrichids, cheirogaleids, and galagos in terms of the number of species reported to consume gum, its contribution to their diet, and the number of plant species they exploit for it. While some marmosets, galagos and the fork-marked lemur are thought of as gum specialists, exudates may account for more than 10% of the diet in many other species. Gum feeding may increase further during periods of dry season resource scarcity with some, most notably Parkia pod gums, acting as a keystone resource for many New World monkeys. Exudates from at least 250 plant species in 170 genera and 63 families are eaten, with Fabaceae and Anacardiaceae being the most frequently exploited. The Callitrichidae were examined for patterns in the amount of gum they consumed. Differences in the prevalence of gummivory were linked to morphological adaptations, particularly dentition, and habitat seasonality. Cluster analysis of the plant families exploited by different primate genera revealed similarities based on the number of families they exploited for gums.

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“…Crompton ( Leontopithecus chrysopygus Carvalho and Carvalho (1989) Mico intermedius Rylands (1982) Mammea punctata…”

Section: Otolemur Crassicaudatusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exudativory in Primates: Interspecific Patterns

Smith

2010

The Evolution of Exudativory in Primates

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“…of six individuals was brought to the Rio de Janeiro Primatology Center (CPRJ; Guapimirim, RJ, Brazil), and the seven other groups, totaling 31 BLTs, were kept in a vivarium, and transferred to a nearby forest fragment later 15,16 . However, due to the poor health condition of these transferred animals, only sixteen BLTs (six males, eight females and two animals with no gender information) survived and were relocated to the Zoological Park Foundation of São Paulo State (FPZSP; São Paulo, SP, Brazil), starting a new group in captivity in 1986 17 .…”

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confidence: 99%

Studbook and molecular analyses for the endangered black-lion-tamarin; an integrative approach for assessing genetic diversity and driving management in captivity

Ayala-Burbano

Galetti

Wormell

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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& patrícia Domingues de freitas 1 ✉Breeding strategies based on molecular markers have been adopted by ex-situ conservation programs to assess alternative parameters for the genetic diversity estimates. in this work we evaluated molecular and studbook data for captive populations of black-lion-tamarin (BLt), an endangered primate endemic to Brazil's Atlantic forest. pedigree analyses were performed using BLT studbook information collected from 1973 to 2018. We analyzed the whole captive population since its foundation; the current captive population (ccp); and all extant BLts in the Brazilian captive population (Bcp), separately. Microsatellite analyses were implemented on the Bcp individuals from the eighth generation (BCP-F8) only to avoid generation overlap. The expected heterozygosity for BCP-F8, using molecular, data was 0.45, and the initial expected heterozygosity was 0.69. Kinship parameters showed high genetic relationships in both pedigree and molecular analyses. the genealogybased endogamy evidenced a high inbreeding coefficient, while the molecular analyses suggested a non-inbreeding signature. the Mate Suitability index showed detrimental values for the majority of potential pairs in the ccp. nevertheless, some individuals evidenced high individual heterozygosity and allele representation, demonstrating good potential to be used as breeders. thus, we propose the use of molecular data as a complementary parameter to evaluate mating-pairs and to aid management decision-making.Captive breeding programs have been recognized as a powerful alternative for rescuing endangered species and for biological conservation 1,2 . Often based on pedigree analyses, ex-situ management plans aim to maintain demographically stable populations, retaining genetic diversity, limiting inbreeding, and avoiding adaptation to captivity 1,3-6 . However, this is not an easy task, and consequently captive groups tend to present lower levels of genetic diversity and higher inbreeding rates than expected 2,7 , challenging the success of these captive breeding programs. On the other hand, wild endangered species often present small and fragmented populations subjected to bottleneck effects and absence of gene flow, and low genetic diversity levels are commonly also observed in nature 8,9 . This is the case for the black-lion-tamarin (BLT), Leontopithecus chrysopygus (Callitrichidae, Platyrrhini), an endangered primate inhabiting exclusively the Atlantic Forest of São Paulo state in Southeast Brazil 8,10 .The population size of L. chrysopygus in nature is small 11 , currently estimated at a total of a thousand individuals living in a few small forest fragments 12 . This species was assumed to be extinct about 65 years, when a small population was rediscovered in the Morro do Diabo State Park (SP, Brazil) 13 . At that time, a population census estimated that only about 200 animals existed in nature. In 1973, the first seven wild individuals of two contiguous subgroups of BLT were brought into captivity, at the Biological Bank of Tijuca...

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“…Although new populations have been discovered recently (Culot et al, 2015; Rodrigues et al, 2014), other potential areas of occurrence still need to be investigated and the persistence of populations in small fragments within its distribution range need to be confirmed. The black lion tamarin is a tiny diurnal primate (~600 g) living in small groups containing usually two to seven individuals (Carvalho & Carvalho, 1989), with black fur and considerable agility. It is very difficult to detect in the forest using traditional methods, especially in dense forest habitats (Marshall et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of autonomous recorders to detect a cryptic and endangered primate species, the black lion‐tamarin (Leontopithecus chrysopygus)

Zambolli

Manzano

Honda

et al. 2022

American J Primatol

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Information about species distribution is important for conservation but the monitoring of populations can demand a high sampling effort with traditional methods (e.g., line transects, sound playback) that are poorly efficient for cryptic primates, such as the black lion tamarin (Leontopithecus chrysopygus). Here we investigated the effectiveness of passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) as an alternative method to identify the presence of vocalizing lion tamarins in the wild. We aimed to: (1) determine the maximum distance at which autonomous recorders (Song Meter 3) and Raven Pro acoustic software can respectively detect and identify lion tamarin long calls emitted by two captive subjects (ex situ study); and (2) determine the sampling effort required to confirm the presence of the species in the wild (in situ study). In captive settings, we recorded lion tamarin long calls with one to two autonomous recorders operating at increasing distances from the animals' enclosure (8−202 m). In a 515 ha forest fragment, we deployed 12 recorders in a grid, 300 m apart from each other, within the estimated 100 ha home range of one group, and let them record for 10 consecutive days, totaling 985 h. In the ex situ study, hand‐browsing of spectrograms yielded 298 long calls emitted from 8 to 194 m, and Raven's Template Detector identified 54.6% of them, also emitted from 8 to 194 m. In the in situ study, we manually counted 1115 long calls, and the Raven's Template Detector identified 44.75% of them. Furthermore, the presence of lion tamarins was confirmed within 1 day using four randomly sorted recorders, whereas 5 days on average were necessary with only one device. While specific protocols still need to be developed to determine primate population size using this technology, we concluded that PAM is a promising tool when considering long term costs and benefits.

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A organização social dos sauís-pretos, (Leontopithecus chrysopygus Mikan), na reserva em Teodoro Sampaio, São Paulo (Primates Callithricidae)

Cited by 12 publications

References 1 publication

Exudativory in Primates: Interspecific Patterns

Exudativory in Primates: Interspecific Patterns

Studbook and molecular analyses for the endangered black-lion-tamarin; an integrative approach for assessing genetic diversity and driving management in captivity

Performance of autonomous recorders to detect a cryptic and endangered primate species, the black lion‐tamarin (Leontopithecus chrysopygus)

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