Phlegopsis erythroptera (Gould, 1855) and relatives (Aves, Formicariidae) as army ant followers

Abstract

Phlegopsis erythroptera (Formicariidae)

The Rediscovery and Natural History of the White‐masked Antbird (Pithys Castaneus)

“…By contrast, DFL noted that the G. leucaspis almost constantly wagged their tails laterally, although this contrasts with the published observations of others (e.g., Zimmer and Isler 2003). In addition, DFL observed both P. albifrons and the Reddish-winged Bare-eye ( Phlegopsis erythroptera ) regularly pounding their tails downward (also see Willis 1981Willis , 1984Zimmer and Isler 2003). We were unable to determine whether such tail movements are intended as a form of inter-or intraspecific â€oebody language― among swarm attendants, as a sign of agitation, or as a form of flushing insect prey.…”

“…Subsequent authors doubted the validity of the species, and many suggested that it represented nothing more than a hybrid of P. albifrons and another antbird species (Sibley and Monroe 1990, Schulenberg and Stotz 1991, Collar et al 1992, Stattersfield and Capper 2000, Ridgely and Greenfield 2001b. Willis (1984) and personnel at the Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences (ANSP; Collar et al 1992, Ridgely andTudor 1994) searched without success for P. castaneus along the upper Rio Pastaza in Peru and Ecuador, respectively.…”

Biogeography and diversification of bare‐eyes, an endemic Amazonian clade

“…The ability to live in várzea forests is a recent adaptation within bare-eye antbirds because it is restricted to the clade P. n. nigromaculata-P. n. bowmani-P. n. confinis-P. n. paraensis. Across most of their ranges, lineages of this clade inhabit both terra firme and seasonally flooded (várzea) forests (Willis, 1984). However, in the western Amazon, P. n. nigromaculata is found only in várzea forests and the transition of this forest to terra firme forests (Zimmer & Isler, 2020).…”

“…First, the lineages of this genus show both allopatry and sympatry. In general, the seven named lineages (ranked as subspecies) replace one another across most Amazonian areas of endemism (Haffer, 1992; Zimmer & Isler, 2020), but some lineages co‐occur in several localities in western Amazonia due to their ability of them to live in both terra firme and seasonally flooded ( várzea ) forests (Willis, 1982; Willis, 1984; Zimmer & Isler, 2020). Second, Phlegopsis are forest birds with limited dispersal propensity.…”

Diversidade, taxonomia e especificidade de solitárias (Platyhelminthes: Cestoda) parasitas de papa-formigas (Aves: Passeriformes: Thamnophilidae) no sul da Amazônia brasileira

“…Assim, há tamnofilídeos cuja alimentação é baseada em insetos de diversas ordens, porém há registros de consumo de outros artrópodes, como aracnídeos, miriápodes e crustáceos isópodes, além de pequenos vertebrados como lagartixas, pequenas rãs e filhotes de outras aves (LOPES; FERNANDES; AGUIAR;COLTRO JÚNIOR, 2008;KUPRIYANOV, 2013;ZIMMER;ISLER, 2016). Os registros sobre a alimentação dos tamnofilídeos são, em grande parte, provenientes de observações dos hábitos de forrageamento destas aves, como os trabalhos de Willis nas décadas de 1970de e 1980ONIKI, 1972ONIKI, , 1978WILLIS, 1984aWILLIS, , 1984bWILLIS, , 1985aWILLIS, , 1985b. Os estudos sobre conteúdo estomacal para os papa-formigas são recentes e muitos são baseados em regurgitação induzida (ver MAJOR, 1990), se restringindo a táxons que podem ser capturados em redes de neblina em número razoável de indivíduos (e.g.…”