Seletividade por cor e escolhas conjugais no Brasil dos 90

Abstract

ResumoEste artigo se propõe analisar os padrões de preferências na escolha dos parceiros por grupos raciais, tal como estes grupos são definidos nas pesquisas realizadas pelo IBGE, utilizando as informações fornecidas pelas PNADs de 1995 e 1996. As uniões foram classificadas em dois tipos: endogâmicas e exogâmicas, segundo as categorias de cor dos côn-juges. Na primeira parte do artigo são apresentadas as características gerais da nupcialidade por cor para o total do Brasil e por regiões. Na segunda parte, são estudados dois aspectos da composição das uniões segundo a cor dos cônjuges: as tendências diferenciais para a endogamia matrimonial e a seletividade marital no comportamento exogâmico. O trabalho se propõe aprofundar o estudo da formação de uniões e casamentos inter-raciais junto com alguns aspectos dos processos sociais nela incluídos. Assim, com a finalidade de estimar o grau de seletividade racial que opera nas escolhas conjugais, no presente trabalho foram calculadas, a partir dos dados das PNADs 87 e 95, as proporções de uniões formadas dentro de cada grupo de cor, que denominamos taxas de endogamia e que nos fornecem o material de base para nosso estudo. Palavras Abstract Selectivity by Color and Conjugal Choices in Brazil of the NinetiesThis article analyzes the norms of preference in the choice of partners by racial group in accordance with the definition of such groups in surveys undertaken by the IBGE (Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics), based on information supplied by the PNADs (National Survey by Residence Samples) of 1995 and 1996. Conjugal bonds were divided into two types: endogamy and exogamy, according to color categories of the partners. In the first part of the article, the author describes general characteristics of unions by color for the whole of Brazil and by region. In the second part, two aspects of the composition of unions according to the color of the partners are mentioned: the different trends for matrimonial endogamies and the marital selectivity in exogamic behavior. The article makes a more detailed study of the formation of inter-racial unions and marriages in combination with some social aspects included therein. Thus, in order to estimate the degree of racial selectivity valid in conjugal selection, the proportion of unions formed within each color group was calculated based on PNAD 87 and 95 data. They are called endogamy rates and furnish basic material for the study.

The Genomic Ancestry of Individuals from Different Geographical Regions of Brazil Is More Uniform Than Expected

“…Because of the Brazilian social race identification system based primarily on phenotype, the children with dark skin pigmentation and other African iconic individual components of color would be considered Black, while those with light colored skin and other European iconic individual components of color would be considered White, even though they would have exactly the same proportion of African and European alleles [9]. Since in Brazil there also occurs assortative mating by color (as has indeed been revealed by demographic studies) [22], [23], in the hypothetical subsequent generation, the light-skinned individuals would tend to marry other Whites and conversely the dark-skinned individuals would marry Blacks. The long-term tendency would then be for this pattern to produce two distinct color groups, White and Black, which would, nonetheless, both have simultaneously a significant level of European and African ancestry.…”

"Girl, You Are Not Morena. We Are Negras!": Questioning the Concept of "Race" in Southern Bahia, Brazil

“…Toward this end, the Brazilian government actually subsidized massive immigration of Europeans at the turn of the century to work on the coffee plantations in the South (Graham 1999). Although the eugenic project has ended, the whitening sentiment continues in Belmonte today and in partner preferences throughout Brazil (Petruccelli 2001).…”

Racial Democracy and Intermarriage in Brazil and the United States

“…Scholars of race relations in Brazil have moved beyond Freyre's US/Brazil exculpatory dialectic and generally accepted that the South American country has its own unique forms of racial inequality and discrimination. When considering interracial marriage specifically, Brazilianist and cosmopolitan‐Americanist scholars emphasize the discrimination in the marriage market against people of African descent and with darker skin colors (Petruccelli 2001; Telles 2004). Telles in particular emphasizes continued discrimination even while acknowledging that the marriage market is far less discriminatory in Brazil than in the US.…”