The false promises of the (second) Washington consensus: evidence from Latin America and the Caribbean (1990-2003)

Berr, Éric; Combarnous, François

doi:10.1590/s0101-31572007000400002

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 12 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Despite chronic political conflicts, liberalization policies have been consistently pursued. Since 1982, most of the Latin American countries applied structural adjustment policies, based on the guidelines of the “Washington Consensus”, including the control of public spending and fiscal deficits [ 49 ]. Frustration over inequality has resulted in massive mobilizations in the Latin American region in 2019.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

National and subnational coverage and inequalities in reproductive, maternal, newborn, child, and sanitary health interventions in Ecuador: a comparative study between 1994 and 2012

Rios-Quituizaca

Gatica-Domínguez

Nambiar

et al. 2021

Int J Equity Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Latin America (LA) has experienced constant economic and political crises that coincide with periods of greater inequality. Between 1996 and 2007 Ecuador went through one of the greatest political and socio-economic crises in Latin America, a product of neo-liberal economic growth strategies. Between 2007 and 2012 it regained political stability, promoted redistributive policies, and initiated greater social spending. To understand the possible influence on the political and economic context, we analyzed the coverage and inequalities in five Reproductive, Maternal, and Child Health (RMNCH) and two water and sanitation interventions using survey data from a broad time window (1994–2012), at a national and subnational level. Methods The series cross-sectional study used data from four representative national health surveys (1994, 1999, 2004 and 2012). Coverage of RMNCH and sanitary interventions were stratified by wealth quintiles (as a measure of the socio-economic level), urban-rural residence and the coverage for each province was mapped. Mean difference, Theil index and Variance-weighted least squares regression were calculated to indicate subnational and temporal changes. Results From 1994 to 2004, Ecuador evidenced large inequalities whose reduction becomes more evident in 2012. Coverage in RMNCH health service-related interventions showed a rather unequal distribution among the socioeconomic status and across provinces in 1994 and 2004, compared to 2012. Sanitary interventions on the contrary, showed the most unequal interventions, and failed to improve or even worsened in several provinces. While there is a temporary improvement also at the subnational level, in 2012 several provinces maintain low levels of coverage. Conclusions The remarkable reduction of inequalities in coverage of RMNCH interventions in 2012 clearly coincides with periods of regained political stability, promoted redistributive policies, and greater social spending, different from the former neo-liberal reforms which is consistent with observations made in other Latin American countries. Territorial heterogeneity and great inequalities specially related with sanitation interventions persists. It is necessary to obtain high quality information with sharper geographic desegregation that allows to identify and understand local changes over time. This would help to prioritize intervention strategies, introduce multisectoral policies and investments that support local governments.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

National and subnational coverage and inequalities in reproductive, maternal, newborn, child, and sanitary health interventions in Ecuador: a comparative study between 1994 and 2012

Rios-Quituizaca

Gatica-Domínguez

Nambiar

et al. 2021

Int J Equity Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…As growth and prosperity failed to materialize through the 1980s, Washington policy elites supplemented the original policy list with a recommendation for financial opening to attract foreign savings to spur economic growth (Berr, 2007). The results, however, were disappointing.…”

Section: The Evolution Of Washington Consensus Policies In Washingtonmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Washington Consensus in Latin America

Teichman¹

2019

Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Politics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Washington Consensus policies evolved over time, both in Washington and among Latin American policymakers. These policies, involving trade liberalization and privatization (among other measures), were widely adopted in the region by the early 1990s. A generation of scholarly work sought to explain how and why Latin American countries embarked on economic reforms that governments had strongly resisted in the past. While many researchers focused on the top-down nature of the market-liberalization process, others called attention to its pluralist character and argued that the process had considerable public support. When the original Consensus ideas proved ineffective in promoting growth and improved living standards, technocratic Washington added new policies. By the early 2000s, Washington’s goal became that of reducing poverty while ensuring the completion of the original Washington Consensus reforms. In Latin America, however, there was a growing disillusionment with the original reform agenda and a strong challenge to key reforms. With the rise of social mobilization critical of neoliberal reforms and the election of left regimes challenging their main precepts, scholarship turned to a discussion of the nature of the new regimes and the extent to which their policies deviated from the Washington Consensus (both its original formulation and the later expanded version). While most scholars identify the left leaders of Ecuador, Bolivia, and particularly Venezuela, as offering the greatest challenges to neoliberalism, there is no consensus on the extent of the challenge to neoliberalism presented by Latin America’s left regimes. Research has also given attention to the rising demand of China for Latin American commodities as a key ingredient in the region’s left turn away from neoliberalism. The fall in commodity prices, however, set the stage for a resurgence of the political right, its business supporters, and the re-introduction of some key aspects of the original Washington Consensus.

show abstract

“…Despite chronic political conflicts, liberalization policies have been consistently pursued. Since 1982, most of the Latin American countries applied structural adjustment policies, based on the guidelines of the "Washington Consensus", including the control of public spending and fiscal deficits (93).…”

Section: Socioeconomic and Geographic Inequalities In Coverage Over Timementioning

confidence: 99%

National and subnational coverage and inequalities in reproductive, maternal, newborn, child and sanitary interventions in Ecuador: a study of national surveys 1994-2012

Quituizaca¹

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

em especial ao Dr. Jair Lício Ferreira, e a outros professores, que nos trouxeram a oportunidade de aprender e aprender mais sobre a calorosa cultura brasileira. Aos meus colegas do Instituto de Desigualdades em Saúde de Pelotas-Brasil, cuja equipe me ajudou a revisar dados para análise de informações, com base em pesquisas nacionais. Meu tutor, Dr. Aluisio Barros e Dr. Cesar Vitora, que sempre acreditaram nas capacidades dos países sul-americanos e me deram a oportunidade de fazer parte de sua equipe.Oscar Mujica e Antonio Sahuenza (consultores da OPS), Devaki Nambiar e Giovanna Gatica, pesquisadores especialistas em medir desigualdades, com quem aprendi muito e me envolvi no assunto, me inspiraram a acreditar que medindo as desigualdades contribuímos para "Não deixar ninguém para trás".Ao Magister Stefan Brück, meu marido e colega, cujas longas conversas de discussão e análise me permitiram aprimorar minhas ideias.

show abstract

The false promises of the (second) Washington consensus: evidence from Latin America and the Caribbean (1990-2003)

Cited by 9 publications

References 12 publications

National and subnational coverage and inequalities in reproductive, maternal, newborn, child, and sanitary health interventions in Ecuador: a comparative study between 1994 and 2012

National and subnational coverage and inequalities in reproductive, maternal, newborn, child, and sanitary health interventions in Ecuador: a comparative study between 1994 and 2012

The Washington Consensus in Latin America

National and subnational coverage and inequalities in reproductive, maternal, newborn, child and sanitary interventions in Ecuador: a study of national surveys 1994-2012

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About