Relação entre mercado de terras, crescimento econômico e insegurança fundiária explicada por um modelo a "geração imbricada"

Abstract

Relationship between the land market, economic growth and land insecurity explained by an overlapping model. In this paper, we analyze the relationship between the land market failures and the economic growth in Brazil, starting from an overlapping model including two sectors: agricultural and industrial. The land is both a specific factor for agriculture and an asset that can be substituted to the capital used in industry. The trade-off between land and capital holding depends, among other factors, on the transaction costs on the land market. These costs result from land insecurity and generate a decrease in the land price that favors capital accumulation. Two assumptions follow from our model: one the one hand, land insecurity has a negative effect on the land price; one the other hand it has a positive effect on economic growth. These two hypotheses are tested on panel data for Brazilian Federation. The econometric results do not reject our hypothesis.Key-words: land price, trade off capital-land, overlapping model. JEL classification: O41, Q15, O54.Este artigo coloca em evidência a relação existente entre o mercado fundiá-rio e o crescimento econômico. A análise é realizada no caso do Brasil, onde os altos índices de concentração fundiária e a insegurança jurídica, devido a imperfeição dos direitos de propriedade, é fonte de conflitos violentos pelo acesso à 575

Property rights and deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon

“…Agricultural Censuses show that at least 50% of landholdings in the Legal Amazon during the seventies were exploited by squatters or farmers without a legal title of land property (posseiros). During the following decades, the share of posseiros decreased but, up to 1995 they still represented about 30% of landholdings according to the last published Agricultural Census (Araujo et al, 2006). This large fraction of illegal agricultural establishments results from the complexity and inefficiency of the system of land registration which tends to foster land grabbing (grilagem da terra).…”