Composição centesimal e de minerais em cascas de frutas

Abstract

A Ingestão Diária Recomendada (IDR) é a quantidade de vitaminas, minerais e proteínas que deve ser consumida diariamente para atender às necessidades nutricionais da maior parte dos indivíduos e grupos de pessoas de uma população sadia [2]. Para a população consumir equilibradamente os nutrientes de acordo com a IDR, são necessários dados sobre composições de alimentos. Essas composições são importantes para inúmeras atividades, como para avaliar o suprimento e o consumo alimentar de um país, verificar a adequação nutricional da dieta de indivíduos e de populações, avaliar o estado nutricional, desenvolver pesquisas sobre as relações entre dieta e doença, em planejamento agropecuário, na indústria de alimentos, além de outras [8].Composição Centesimal e de minerais em CasCas de frutas With the objective of motivating the reuse of foods and offering a nutritious alternative of diet at a low cost, the peels of some fruits were analyzed, which are usually discarded. In the present work, it was determined the centesimal composition and 7 mineral elements with nutritious importance (Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Na, Zn) in 7 different types from peels of fruits: avocado, pineapple, banana, papaya, passion fruit, melon and tangerine, cultivated in Rio Grande do Norte State. The chemical analyses showed that the peels of the fruits present, in general, larger content of nutrients than the respective edible parts verified in the literature. This way, it can be considered that the peels of the analyzed fruits can be used as alternative source of food or as ingredients as to obtain processed preparations. Keywords: centesimal composition, minerals, peels of fruits.No entanto, devido às dificuldades econômicas atuais, torna-se cada vez mais difícil adquirir alimentos adequados ao consumo do dia-a-dia, razão pela qual a alimentação equilibrada é atualmente uma das maiores preocupações do nosso cotidiano.A fome e o desperdício de alimentos são dois dos maiores problemas que o Brasil enfrenta, constituindose em um dos paradoxos de nosso país. Produzimos 140 milhões de toneladas de alimentos por ano, somos um dos maiores exportadores de produtos agrícolas do mundo e, ao mesmo tempo, temos milhões de excluídos, sem acesso ao alimento em quantidade e/ou qualidade.Frutas e vegetais são exemplos de importantes fontes de elementos essenciais. Os minerais desempenham uma função vital no peculiar desenvolvimento e boa saúde do corpo humano e as frutas são consideradas as principais fontes de minerais necessários na dieta humana [4].Como o homem necessita, de qualquer modo, de uma alimentação sadia, rica em nutrientes, isto pode ser alcançado com partes de alimentos que normalmente são desprezadas. Sendo assim, é importante a utilização de cascas, talos e folhas, pois o aproveitamento integral dos alimentos, além de diminuir os gastos com alimentação e melhorar a Ciênc. Tecnol. Aliment., Campinas, 25(4): 825-827, out.-dez. 2005

Chemical and sensory characteristics of pulp and peel 'cajá-manga' (Spondias cytherea Sonn.) jelly

“…After peel analysis, it was observed that the moisture content was 11% lower than the one found for the pulp. Similar results were observed by Gondim et al (2005) when analyzing moisture content of avocado pulp and peel (84 and 77%, respectively) and pineapple (86 and 78%, respectively) and by Damiani et al (2009) who reported a moisture content of mango pulp and peel 81,98 and 77,41%, respectively. However, Gondim et al (2005) showed that not all fruits present this type of behavior.…”

“…Similar results were observed by Gondim et al (2005) when analyzing moisture content of avocado pulp and peel (84 and 77%, respectively) and pineapple (86 and 78%, respectively) and by Damiani et al (2009) who reported a moisture content of mango pulp and peel 81,98 and 77,41%, respectively. However, Gondim et al (2005) showed that not all fruits present this type of behavior. This probably occurs due to the different morphological characteristics of pericarps (BARROSO et al, 1999) and to the ripening stage of the fruits, knowing that the ripening process may lead to moisture loss…”

“…These results are very close to the contents reported for acerola, atemóia, cashew and figs (UNIVERSIDADE..., 2006). When comparing protein content found in the pulp of cajá-manga to the one found in the peel, it was seen that the profile is very similar to what is presented for papaya, avocado and pineapple (GONDIM et al, 2005), with the contents of the peel being greater than the contents of the pulp for all fruits. Lousada Junior et al (2006) had already reported that the sub-products of processed fruits -including peels -are, in general, important protein sources and that the variations of protein contents among the same species may occur due to differences in cultivation conditions such as soils and fertilizers (especially the ones containing nitrogen), which may alter the protein content in fruits.…”

“…the waste of tons of food resources every year in Brazil (FOOD..., 2004;RUSS;SCHNAPPINGER, 2007). The consequences are the irrecoverable economic losses, unbalanced supply and food price increase, which reflect negatively on the resources that the population needs to have nutrition with adequate quality and quantity (BORGES, 1991;GONDIM et al, 2005).…”

“…Peels from some ripe fruits, for example, in spite of presenting high nutritional value, are discarded by the food industries (SCHIEBER;STINTZING;CARLE, 2001). Therefore, they can be used as raw material for the elaboration of dough, sweets, cakes, juices and jellies (DAMIANI et al, 2009;GONDIM et al, 2005;MIGUEL et al, 2008;OLIVEIRA et al, 2002). Among the diversity of fruits found in Brazil, the cajá-manga in particular, presents ellipsoidal shape and, when ripe, its pulp is succulent, aromatic and with a sour sweet taste, slightly acid, where there is a seed with a fibrous and rigid structure.…”