Protein turnover, amino acid requirements and recommendations for athletes and active populations

Poortmans, Jacques; Carpentier, A; Pereira-Lancha, Luciana Oquendo; Lancha-Jr, Antonio Herbert

doi:10.1590/s0100-879x2012007500096

Cited by 48 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 115 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Sarcopenia may be caused by excessive muscle consumption associated with aging, cancer and malnutrition. Increasing evidence indicates that a number of factors may lead to the development of sarcopenia, including cachexia and malnutrition, and sarcopenia has been associated with metastasis and a poor prognosis in patients with cancer (22). Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the relative risk factors for sarcopenia in order to improve the overall survival and quality of life of individuals who develop this condition.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence and risk factor analysis for sarcopenia in patients with cancer

Zhang

Sui

et al. 2015

Oncology Letters

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence and risk factor analysis for sarcopenia in patients with cancer

Zhang

Sui

et al. 2015

Oncology Letters

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Data from animal and human studies suggest that during exercise protein synthesis in the muscles remains unchanged or decreases and that protein breakdown is unchanged or increases 23. After exercise, protein synthesis increases, and a net gain in muscle protein may be achieved by regular exercise.…”

Section: Hmb As a Nutritional Supplementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beta‐hydroxy‐beta‐methylbutyrate supplementation and skeletal muscle in healthy and muscle‐wasting conditions

Holeček

2017

J cachexia sarcopenia muscle

173

134

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Beta‐hydroxy‐beta‐methylbutyrate (HMB) is a metabolite of the essential amino acid leucine that has been reported to have anabolic effects on protein metabolism. The aims of this article were to summarize the results of studies of the effects of HMB on skeletal muscle and to examine the evidence for the rationale to use HMB as a nutritional supplement to exert beneficial effects on muscle mass and function in various conditions of health and disease.The data presented here indicate that the beneficial effects of HMB have been well characterized in strength‐power and endurance exercise. HMB attenuates exercise‐induced muscle damage and enhances muscle hypertrophy and strength, aerobic performance, resistance to fatigue, and regenerative capacity. HMB is particularly effective in untrained individuals who are exposed to strenuous exercise and in trained individuals who are exposed to periods of high physical stress. The low effectiveness of HMB in strength‐trained athletes could be due to the suppression of the proteolysis that is induced by the adaptation to training, which may blunt the effects of HMB. Studies performed with older people have demonstrated that HMB can attenuate the development of sarcopenia in elderly subjects and that the optimal effects of HMB on muscle growth and strength occur when it is combined with exercise. Studies performed under in vitro conditions and in various animal models suggest that HMB may be effective in treatment of muscle wasting in various forms of cachexia. However, there are few clinical reports of the effects of HMB on muscle wasting in cachexia; in addition, most of these studies evaluated the therapeutic potential of combinations of various agents. Therefore, it has not been possible to determine whether HMB was effective or if there was a synergistic effect. Although most of the endogenous HMB is produced in the liver, there are no reports regarding the levels and the effects of HMB supplementation in subjects with liver disease. Several studies have suggested that anabolic effects of HMB supplementation on skeletal muscle do not occur in healthy, non‐exercising subjects.It is concluded that (i) HMB may be applied to enhance increases in the mass and strength of skeletal muscles in subjects who exercise and in the elderly and (ii) studies examining the effects of HMB administered alone are needed to obtain conclusions regarding the specific effectiveness in attenuating muscle wasting in various muscle‐wasting disorders.

show abstract

“…There are a few review publications related to the regulation of human muscle protein synthesis and breakdown during and after resistance exercise [29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36]. We will have to differentiate the results obtained in fasted (post-absorptive condition) or fed state, during or after exercise, for muscle protein synthesis (MPS) or muscle protein breakdown (MPB).…”

Section: Specific Effects Of Exercise On Muscle Protein Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The MPS and MPB are expressed, respectively by their fractional synthetic rate (FSR) and fractional breakdown rate (FBR), rep. = repetitions, max = % of maximal oxygen uptake, exhaus. = up to exhaustion, PreEx = pre-exercise, PostEx = postexercise * = significant (P<0.05), NS = not significant between pre-and post-exercise varied effects between the reports may result in methodological differences (see [33]) but generally speaking, the highest benefit seems to be linked to the total work output (80-90% of maximal contraction). Resistance exercise seems to be more efficient on myofibrillar proteins compared to sarcoplasmic proteins [37,38].…”

Section: Specific Effects Of Exercise On Muscle Protein Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protein metabolism and physical training: any need for amino acid supplementation?

Poortmans

Carpentier

2016

Nutrire

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Muscle mass is the major deposit of protein molecules with dynamic turnover between net protein synthesis and degradation. In human subjects, invasive and non-invasive techniques have been applied to determine their skeletal muscle catabolism of amino acids at rest, during and after different forms of physical exercise and training. The aim of this review is to analyse the turnover flux and the relative oxidation rate of different types of muscle proteins after one bout of exercise as well as after resistance and endurance condition of training. Protein feeding in athletes appears to be a crucial nutrition necessity to promote the maintenance of muscle mass and its adaptation to the need imposed by the imposed technical requirements. In resting human individuals, the recommended protein daily allowance is about 0.8 g (dry weight) kg −1 body weight per 24 h knowing that humans are unable to accumulate protein stores in muscle tissues. Nevertheless, practical feeding recommendations related to regular exercise practice are proposed to athletes by different bodies in order to foster their skills and performance. This review will examine the results obtained under endurance and resistance type of exercise while consuming single or repeated doses of various ingestions of protein products (full meat, essential amino acids, specific amino acids and derivatives, vegetarian food). From the scientific literature, it appears that healthy athletes (and heavy workers) should have a common diet of 1.25 g kg −1 24 h to compensate the exercise training muscle protein degradation and their resynthesis within the following hours. A nitrogen-balance assay would be recommended to avoid any excessive intake of protein. Eventually, a daily equilibrated food intake would be of primer importance versus inadequate absorption of some specific by-products.

show abstract

Protein turnover, amino acid requirements and recommendations for athletes and active populations

Cited by 48 publications

References 115 publications

Incidence and risk factor analysis for sarcopenia in patients with cancer

Incidence and risk factor analysis for sarcopenia in patients with cancer

Beta‐hydroxy‐beta‐methylbutyrate supplementation and skeletal muscle in healthy and muscle‐wasting conditions

Protein metabolism and physical training: any need for amino acid supplementation?

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About