Semi-automatic measurement of visual verticality perception in humans reveals a new category of visual field dependency

Kaleff, C.R.; Aschidamini, C.; Baron, Jerome; Leone, C.N. de; Canavarro, S.; Vargas, Claudia D.

doi:10.1590/s0100-879x2011007500090

Cited by 5 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Corbett et al [17] reported that subjects responded more slowly in congruent trials than in incongruent trials, and that the late P3 component of the event-related potential of the EEG was larger when the rod and frame were tilted incongruently versus congruently [20]. Kaleff et al [18] also reported significant diffe between congruent and incongruent rod and frame Rod and frame alignment times increase when the frame is tilted continuously was approximately10 steps/s (100ms/step). At this speed the difference in the number of steps required between the congruent and incongruent conditions was sufficient to account for the mean difference of 0.6 -0.7s…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although using a different technique Kaleff et al [18] also found a significant difference between congruent and incongruent presentations of the rod and frame.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Psychology and Behavioral Sciences 2013; 2 (2): 66-72 presentations of the rod and the surrounding frame and ; accuracy of detection of the orientation of the rod [18]; or ability to match a hand held Corbett et al [17,20] reported that the reaction times were significantly faster when the rod rections (incongruent), than when they were tilted in the same direction (congruent). Although using a different technique Kaleff et al [18] also found a significant difference between congruent and incongruent presentations of the rod and frame.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Corbett et al [17,20] reported that the reaction times were significantly faster when the rod and frame were tilted in opposite directions (incongruent), than when they were tilted in the same direction (congruent). Although using a different technique Kaleff et al [18] also found a significant difference between congruent and incongruent presentations of the rod and frame.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…The time course of the development of the Rod and Frame Illusion has been investigated using asynchronous presentations of the rod and the surrounding frame and recording reaction times [17]; accuracy of detection of the orientation of the rod [18]; or ability to match a hand held rod to the visual stimulus [19]. Corbett et al [17,20] reported that the reaction times were significantly faster when the rod and frame were tilted in opposite directions (incongruent), than when they were tilted in the same direction (congruent).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rod and Frame Alignment Times Increase When the Frame is Tilted

Bagust

Docherty

Razzak

2013

PBS

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Abstract:The Rod and Frame test measures an individual's subjective assessment of visual vertical and horizontal in the presence of a surrounding tilted frame. Attention has focused upon the effects of the surrounding frame upon spatial accuracy (Spatial Frame Effect). We have investigated if the tilted frame also affects the time that subjects take to make the alignment (Temporal Frame Effect). Results: 125 subjects performed a computerised Rod and Frame test to investigate the effects of a tilted frame on subjective visual vertical and horizontal. In addition the program recorded the time taken to make each alignment. For most subjects the mean Spatial Frame Effect was small (vertical 1.62, SD 0.93; horizontal 1.9, SD 1.43). The mean time taken to make alignments in the presence of a tilted frame was longer than when the frame was not tilted (vertical, +3.4s, SD 4.4; horizontal, +3.2s, SD 4.5). Differences in the times taken when the rod and frame were presented congruently and incongruently could be fully accounted for by the differences in steps needed to move the rod to its final alignment. No relationship was found between the spatial accuracy and the time to make the alignment and there was no relationship between the Spatial and Temporal Frame Effects. Conclusions: This study suggests that the Spatial, and Temporal, Frame Effects provide information about different aspects of the process of resolving conflicting visual information when making judgments on alignment. In everyday functions such as the maintenance of balance or susceptibility to motion sickness, the increased time taken may be as important as spatial accuracy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although using a different technique Kaleff et al [18] also found a significant difference between congruent and incongruent presentations of the rod and frame.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Rod and Frame Alignment Times Increase When the Frame is Tilted

Bagust

Docherty

Razzak

2013

PBS

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Vision affects gait speed but not patterns of muscle activation during inclined walking – a virtual reality study

Benady

Zadik

Ben-Gal

et al. 2020

Preprint

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While walking, our locomotion is affected by and adapts to the environment based on vision-based and body-based (vestibular and proprioception) cues, all contributing to an “Internal Model of Gravity”. During surface inclination transitions, we modulate gait to counteract gravitational forces by braking during downhill walking to avoid uncontrolled acceleration or by exerting effort to avoid deceleration while walking uphill. In this study, we investigated the role of vision in gait modulation during surface inclination transitions by using an immersive large-scale Virtual Reality (VR) system equipped with a self-paced treadmill and projected visual scenes that allowed us to modulate physical-visual inclinations congruence parametrically. Gait speed and leg muscle electromyography (EMG) were measured in 12 healthy young adults. In addition, the magnitude of subjective visual misperception of verticality was measured by the rod and frame test. During virtual (non-veridical) inclination transitions, vision modulated gait speed after transitions by (i) slowing down to counteract the excepted gravitational ‘boost’ in virtual downhill inclinations and by (ii) speeding up to counteract the expected gravity resistance in virtual uphill inclinations. These gait speed modulations were reflected in muscle activation intensity changes and associated with subjective visual verticality misperception. However, temporal patterns of muscle activation, which are significantly affected by real gravitational inclination transitions, were not affected by virtual (visual) inclination transitions. Our results delineate the contribution of vision to functional locomotion on uneven surfaces and may lead to enhanced rehabilitation strategies for neurological disorders affecting movement.Significance statementA crucial component of successful locomotion is maintaining balance and speed while walking on uneven surfaces. In order to reach successful locomotion, an individual must utilize multisensory integration of visual, gravitational, and proprioception cues. The contribution of vision to this process is still unclear, thus we used a fully immersive virtual reality treadmill setup allowing us to manipulate visual (virtual) and gravitational (real) surface inclinations independently during locomotion of healthy adults. While vision modulated gait speed for a short period after inclination transitions and this was predictive of individual’s visual dependency, muscle activation patterns were only affected by gravitational surface inclinations, not by vision. Understanding the vision’s contribution to successful locomotion may lead to improved rehabilitation for movement disorders.

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The effect of virtual visual scene inclination transitions on gait modulation in healthy young vs older adults - a virtual reality study

Benady

Zadik

Gilaie-Dotan

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Bipedal locomotion requires body adaptation to maintain stability after encountering a transition to inclined walking. A major adaptation is the change in walking speed to maintain optimal energy consumption. When transitioning to uphill walking, people exert more energy to counteract gravitational forces pulling them backward, while when transitioning to downhill walking people break to avoid uncontrolled acceleration. This behavior is controlled by three main senses: proprioception and vestibular (aka body-based cues), and visual cues. In this study, we aimed to measure the influence of the visual cues on these modulations in healthy older adults and compare it to healthy young adults. To that end, we used a fully immersive virtual-reality system embedded with a self-paced treadmill and projected visual scene that allowed us to manipulate the inclinations of the treadmill and the visual scene in an independent manner. In addition, we measured the visual field dependency of each participant using the rod and frame test. The group of older adults presented the braking (decelerating), and exertion (accelerating) effects, in response to downhill and uphill visual illusions, respectively, in a similar manner as the young group. Furthermore, we found a significant correlation between the intensity of the speed modulation and the visual field dependency for each group separately, however the visual field dependency was significantly higher in the elderly adults. These results suggest that with aging individuals maintain their reliance on the visual system to modulate their gait in accordance with surface inclination in the same manner as young adults.

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Semi-automatic measurement of visual verticality perception in humans reveals a new category of visual field dependency

Cited by 5 publications

References 32 publications

Rod and Frame Alignment Times Increase When the Frame is Tilted

Rod and Frame Alignment Times Increase When the Frame is Tilted

Vision affects gait speed but not patterns of muscle activation during inclined walking – a virtual reality study

The effect of virtual visual scene inclination transitions on gait modulation in healthy young vs older adults - a virtual reality study

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