Factors associated with infant and adolescent mortality

Abstract

Few studies have described factors associated with infant and adolescent mortality since birth. We report here mortality during a 20-year period in a birth cohort from Ribeirão Preto in order to identify birth variables that influenced mortality among infants and children between 10 and 19 years of age, the main causes of death, and the influence of social inequality at birth on death. Mothers were interviewed shortly after delivery. Social, biological and demographic information was collected, and mortality up to 19 years of age was investigated in registry systems. Of the 6748 liveborn singletons born in the municipality from 1978 to 1979, 343 died before or when 19 years of age were completed. Most of the cohort mortality (74.9%) occurred during the first year of life and 19.6% occurred from 10 to 19 years. Mortality was higher among boys. Preterm birth (hazard ratio, HR = 7.94) and low birth weight (HR = 10.15) were strongly associated with infant mortality. Other risk factors for infant mortality were: maternal age ≥35 years (HR = 1.74), unskilled manual occupation of family head (HR = 2.47), and for adolescent mortality: unskilled manual occupation of family head (HR = 9.98) and male sex (HR = 6.58). "Perinatal conditions" were the main causes of deaths among infants and "external causes" among adolescents, especially boys. Socioeconomic factors at birth, represented by occupation, influenced adolescent mortality due to external causes, which was higher among boys (7:1). The influence of social inequality at birth on death, measured by occupation, was greater in adolescence than in infancy.

Health in early adulthood: the contribution of the 1978/79 Ribeirão Preto birth cohort

“…Thus, 6973 liveborns remained in the study (Figure 1), 6827 of them being singletons and 146 corresponding to twin deliveries. Of the 6827 singletons, 246 died during the first year of life and 97 died by 20 years of age, for a total of 343 deaths (10).…”

Acidentes e violências na infância e adolescência: fatores de risco e de proteção

“…Nesses mesmos espaços sociais os jovens costumam ser recrutados para o exercício de atividades ilegais, muitas vezes transformando-se em agentes de violência (contra seus companheiros e parceiras) e Rev Bras Enferm, Brasília 2013 jul-ago; 66(4): 578-84. em vítimas (15) . Estudo de coorte em Ribeirão Preto identificou que entre as mortes por causa externa entre adolescentes, os fatores socioeconômicos influenciaram nestas mortes (9) .…”

“…Tão importante quanto conhecer as circunstâncias em que ocorre, torna-se essencial, também, conhecer os fatores relacionados a este evento, pois possibilita identificar e quebrar a teia que acaba determinando os óbitos por causas externas (7) . Entretanto, são poucos os estudos que abordam com profundidade os fatores de risco ou de proteção relacionados com acidentes e violências, principalmente na população infanto--juvenil, grupo etário considerado mais vulnerável (8)(9)(10) . Frente à magnitude da mortalidade e morbidade por causas externas, principalmente na faixa etária mais jovem (de 0 a 24 anos), mediante a importância de se conhecer os fatores de risco associados a estas causas, o presente estudo buscou recolher, analisar e interpretar as contribuições teóricas já existentes sobre os fatores associados aos acidentes e violências, a fim de proporcionar uma visão global quanto à problemática abordada, fornecendo subsídios teóricos para os profissionais em suas práticas e reunindo um acervo bibliográfico sobre o tema.…”

Perinatal and early adulthood factors associated with adiposity

“…Of the 6,973 liveborn babies whose mothers were residents of the city, 6,827 were single births and 146 were twins. Of the 6,827 single births, 246 died within the first year of life 26 and 97 died before reaching the age of 20 (a total of 343 deaths) 27 .…”