Development of fetal nicotine and muscarinic receptors in utero

Mao, C.; Lv, J.; Li, H.; Chen, Y.; Wu, J.; Xu, Z.

doi:10.1590/s0100-879x2006005000094

Cited by 6 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The α7 nAChR subtype is believed to be involved in the regulation of neuronal growth, differentiation, synapse formation and synaptic plasticity during the development of the human brain (Falk et al, 2002). The α7 receptors, which mediate the effects of developmental neurotoxicants, increase glutamate release onto postsynaptic NMDA receptors (Mao et al, 2007). Overactivation of α7 nAChRs during development results in neuronal cell death, whereas stimulation in adult animals is neuroprotective (Laudenbach et al, 2002) In the murine hippocampal dentate gyrus, α7 subunit appears to be essential for normal survival, maturation and integration of adult-born neurons (Campbell et al 2010).…”

Section: Physiological Role Of Nachrs During Brain Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion on the developmental neurotoxicity potential of acetamiprid and imidacloprid

2013

EFS2

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The European Food Safety Authority asked the Panel on Plant Protection Products (PPR) and their residues to deliver a Scientific Opinion on the developmental neurotoxicity (DNT) potential of the neonicotinoid insecticides acetamiprid and imidacloprid. An in vitro study (Kimura-Kuroda et al., 2012) suggested that excitation and/or desensitisation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) by these compounds might affect developing mammalian nervous systems as occurs with nicotine. To evaluate the DNT potential of acetamiprid and imidacloprid, the PPR Panel scrutinised the open literature, the draft assessments reports and dossiers submitted for approval. The Panel concludes that both compounds may affect neuronal development and function, although several methodological limitations have been identified. Considering the available DNT studies for imidacloprid and acetamiprid, important uncertainties still remain and further in vivo studies following OECD test guideline (TG) 426 are required to robustly characterise a DNT potential and dose-response relationships, particularly for acetamiprid. The Panel considers that current ARfDs may not be protective enough for the possible DNT of acetamiprid and imidacloprid and no reliable conclusion can be drawn as regards the ADI for acetamiprid. More conservative reference values are proposed based on the analysis of the existing toxicological data. However, the current ADI for imidacloprid is considered adequate to protect against its potential developmental neurotoxic effects. Limitations of the in vitro system used by Kimura-Kuroda et al. (2012) prevent its current use as a screening tool in the regulatory arena. The PPR Panel encourages the definition of clear and consistent criteria at EU level to trigger submission of mandatory DNT studies, which could include development of an integrated DNT testing strategy composed of robust, reliable and validated in vitro assays and other alternative methods complementary to the in vivo TG 426 for assessing the DNT potential of substances

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Section: Physiological Role Of Nachrs During Brain Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion on the developmental neurotoxicity potential of acetamiprid and imidacloprid

2013

EFS2

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“…The most surprising finding, in fact, was the number of cholinergic genes that decreased at the end of pregnancy (Table 1). While much is known of the changes in the cholinergic system during fetal development [25,26], very little is known of its role in the maternal brain during pregnancy. In sheep and goats, the cholinergic system seems to regulate maternal recognition of offspring and maternal attachment after parturition [27].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gene Expression Profiling during Pregnancy in Rat Brain Tissue

Mann

2014

Brain Sciences

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The neurophysiological changes that occur during pregnancy in the female mammal have led to the coining of the phrases “expectant brain” and “maternal brain”. Although much is known of the hormonal changes during pregnancy, alterations in neurotransmitter gene expression have not been well-studied. We examined gene expression in the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (VMH) during pregnancy based on the fact that this nucleus not only modulates the physiological changes that occur during pregnancy but is also involved in the development of maternal behavior. This study was designed to identify genes that are differentially expressed between mid- and late-pregnancy in order to determine which genes may be associated with the onset and display of maternal behavior and the development of the maternal brain. A commercially available PCR array containing 84 neurotransmitter receptor and regulator genes (RT2 Profiler PCR array) was used. Brains were harvested from rats on days 12 and 21 of gestation, frozen, and micropunched to obtain the VMH. Total RNA was extracted, cDNA prepared, and SYBR Green qPCR was performed. In the VMH, expression of five genes were reduced on day 21 of gestation compared to day 12 (Chrna6, Drd5, Gabrr2, Prokr2, and Ppyr1) whereas Chat, Chrm5, Drd4, Gabra5, Gabrg2, LOC289606, Nmu5r2, and Npy5r expression was elevated. Five genes were chosen to be validated in an additional experiment based on their known involvement in maternal behavior onset. This experiment confirmed that gene expression for both the CCK-A receptor and the GABAAR γ2 receptor increases at the end of pregnancy. In general, these results identify genes possibly involved in the establishment of the maternal brain in rats and indicate possible new genes to be investigated.

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“…The first step was to describe prenatal exposure to atropinic drugs. Then, multinomial logistic regressions were used to compare maternal and child characteristics according to the exposure status (atropinic burden = 0, [1][2][3], [3][4][5][6][7][8][9], ≥9).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Higher intake of medications for digestive disorders in children prenatally exposed to drugs with atropinic properties

Bénevent

Hurault‐Delarue²,

Araujo³

et al. 2018

Fundamemntal Clinical Pharma

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Childhood digestive disorders are a common occurrence and are sometimes unexplained. Maternal medication during the development of the foetus' digestive system may contribute to the increase in childhood digestive disorders, especially with drugs acting on the cholinergic system. This study investigated the association between prenatal exposure to drugs with atropinic properties and the use of digestive disorder medications in childhood (0–3 years). Children from POMME (PrescriptiOn Médicaments Mères Enfants), a French database of reimbursed drugs for pregnant women and their children, were included (N = 8 372). Each drug prescribed during antenatal life was assigned an atropinic score (0 = null, 1 = low, 3 = strong). The prenatal atropinic burden was calculated as the sum of atropinic scores of drugs prescribed. More than 30% (N = 2 652) of the children were prenatally exposed to atropinic drugs. They used significantly more digestive disorder medications than unexposed children (RRa = 1.11 [1.06; 1.16]). The strength of the association increased with the prenatal atropinic burden. Our results suggest long‐term digestive effects after prenatal exposure to atropinic drugs.

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Development of fetal nicotine and muscarinic receptors in utero

Cited by 6 publications

References 18 publications

Scientific Opinion on the developmental neurotoxicity potential of acetamiprid and imidacloprid

Scientific Opinion on the developmental neurotoxicity potential of acetamiprid and imidacloprid

Gene Expression Profiling during Pregnancy in Rat Brain Tissue

Higher intake of medications for digestive disorders in children prenatally exposed to drugs with atropinic properties

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