Epidemiological characterization of resistance and PCR typing of Shigella flexneri and Shigella sonnei strains isolated from bacillary dysentery cases in Southeast Brazil

Penatti, M.P.A.; Hollanda, L.M.; Nakazato, Gerson; Campos, T.A.; Lancellotti, M.; Angellini, M.; Brocchi, M.; Rocha, M.M.M.; Silveira, W. Dias da

doi:10.1590/s0100-879x2006005000069

Cited by 10 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(23 reference statements)

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“…Resistance to tetracycline was detected in 96.7% of the strains. Resistance to ampicillin (6.7%) was also detected among these strains 7 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…S. flexneri is the most common Shigella species in developing countries. In developed countries, S. sonnei is the most prevalent 7 . S. dysenteriae is implicated in epidemic disease outbreaks, the most severe form of dysentery and the majority of the fatal shigellosis cases Determination of antibiotic resistance Ampicilin (4, 8, and 32µg/mL), amoxilin (4/2, 16/8, and 32/16µg/mL), ceftazidime (1, 2, 8, and 32µg/mL), ciprofloxacin (0, 5, 2, and 4µg/mL), nalidixic acid (8,16, and 32µg/mL), nitrofurantoin (16, 32, and 64µg/mL), and trimethoptim/ sulfamethoxazole (0.5/9.5, 2/38, and 16/304µg/mL) were used to determine the resistance profiles of all Shigella strains studied using the VITEK-2 system (bioMérieux, Marcy I'Etoile, France).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antimicrobial Resistance of Shigella spp. isolated in the State of Pará, Brazil

Bastos

Loureiro

2011

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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Introduction: Shigella spp. are Gram-negative, nonsporulating, rod-shaped bacteria that belong to the family Enterobacteriaceae and are responsible for shigellosis or bacillary dysentery, an important cause of worldwide morbidity and mortality. Methods: We studied the antibiotic resistance profiles of 122 Shigella spp. strains (81 S. flexneri, 41 S. sonnei, 1 S. boydii) isolated from patients (female and male from 0 to 80 years of age) presenting diarrhea in different districts of the State of Pará, in the North of Brazil. The antibiotic resistance of the strains, isolated from human fecal samples, was determined by the diffusion disk method and by using the VITEK-2 system. Results: The highest resistance rate found was the resistance rate to tetracycline (93.8%), followed by the resistance rate to chloramphenicol (63.9%) and to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (63.1%). Resistance to at least three drugs was more common among S. flexneri than S. sonnei (39.5% vs. 10%). Six (4.9%) strains were susceptible to all the antibiotics tested. All strains were susceptible to cefotaxime, ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, nalidixic acid and nitrofurantoin. Conclusions: High rates of multidrug resistance in Shigella spp. are a serious public health concern in Brazil. It is extremely important to continuously monitor the antimicrobial resistances of Shigella spp. for effective therapy and control measures against shigellosis.

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“…Resistance to tetracycline was detected in 96.7% of the strains. Resistance to ampicillin (6.7%) was also detected among these strains 7 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Resistance of Shigella spp. isolated in the State of Pará, Brazil

Bastos

Loureiro

2011

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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“…Several PCR protocols using different molecular markers have been used for the detection of Shigella species in environmental, faecal, and food samples [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. The invasion plasmid antigen H (IpaH) and the IpaABCD genes are virulence gene markers whose protein products are necessary for invasion of colonic epithelial cells.…”

Section: Journal Of Food and Nutrition Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genotypic Characterization of <i>Shigella</i> Species Isolated from Abattoirs in the North West Province, South Africa Using PCR Analysis

Makabanyane¹,

Ndou²,

Ateba³

2015

JFNR

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Foodborne pathogens pose a serious threat to food safety especially in developing countries where hygiene facilities are not well developed and operational practices in abattoirs and retail shops are often poor. Shigella species are known to cause foodborne complications in humans including shigellosis that is not only characterized by destruction of the epithelium of the colon but usually results to an inflammatory response. The transmission of Shigella species to humans most often results through the consumption of contaminated food, meat and water. The aim of this study was to isolate and identify Shigella species from carcass of cattle in some abattoirs in the North West Province, South Africa and determine the virulence gene profiles of the isolates using PCR assays. A total of 97 carcass swabs were obtained from the abattoirs that were sampled. Swabs were properly labeled and transported on ice to the laboratory for analysis. The swabs were washed in 2% (w/v) peptone water and plated on Salmonella-Shigella agar. Standard identification tests (Gram staining, oxidase test, TSI test and 16S rRNA) were used to confirm the identities of 97 (one from each sample) presumptive isolates. Large proportions (85% to 100%) of the isolates from Rustenburg and Zeerust were oxidase positive. None of the isolates produced hydrogen sulphide gas on TSI medium but utilize glucose as a source of carbon. A large proportion (75.3%) of the isolates was positively identified as Shigella species based on PCR analysis. The number of isolates confirmed as Shigella species was higher in Zeerust (54.8%) than in Rustenburg (45.2%). Shigella species were most often isolated from samples that were collected outside than inside the carcass. Generally a large proportion (74.0%) of the isolates possessed the IpaH gene while64.4% of these isolates were positive for the IpaBCD gene that encodes for the invasion plasmid antigen. An analysis of the isolates from the different sampling sections indicated that 46.3% and 55.3% of the isolates from Zeerust possessed the IpaH and the IpaBCD genes, respectively while 53.7% and 44.7% of the isolates from Rustenburg possessed these genes. The detection of virulent Shigella species in beef carcasses demonstrates the need for a continued surveillance of this pathogen in meat in order to ensure the implementation of improved food safety measures.

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“…Humans and few primates are the only known reservoirs of Shigella (Ribeiro, 2000;WHO, 2005), and transmission among humans are common. Shigella has been characterized by diverse methods, including antibiotic resistance and genotyping methods in Brazil (Penatti et al, 2007) and in other countries as Chile (Fullá et al, 2005), Iran (Ribeiro, 2000), and Spain (Flórez et al, 2005). However, due to the low discrimination power of the antimicrobial resistance typing, DNA based methods has been recommended.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ribotyping as a Molecular Biological Technique for Studying Diversity in <i>Shigella</i> Isolates - A Review

Pal¹

2014

ILNS

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Diarrhoea in developing countries is caused by an increasingly long list of bacterial, viral, and parasitic pathogens with rotavirus, Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, Campylobacter, Shigella, and Salmonella heading the list. Using methods to detect most of the known enteropathogens, one or more enteropathogen(s) is isolated in two-thirds of diarrhoeal illnesses in the developing world. Deoxyribonucleic acid probes have proved very useful in detecting pathogens such as enterotoxigenic (ETEC), enteroinvasive (EIEC), enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), and Shigella but have not yet proved to be particularly rapid or less expensive. Molecular biology has proved useful in epidemiological studies as a means of strain identification and detection of genome diversity. Since the introduction of ribonucleic acid gene restriction patterns as taxonomic tools in 1986, ribotyping has become an established method for systematics, epidemiological, ecological population and genome diversity studies of microorganisms including Shigella. The technological development culminated in the automation of ribotyping which allowed for high-throughput applications. PCR ribotyping has proved being a highly discriminatory, flexible, robust and cost-efficient routine technique which makes inter-laboratory comparison and build of ribotype databases possible, too. The aim of the present review is to determine the present status of ribotyping technique in detecting the diversity in Shigella isolates.

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Epidemiological characterization of resistance and PCR typing of Shigella flexneri and Shigella sonnei strains isolated from bacillary dysentery cases in Southeast Brazil

Cited by 10 publications

References 16 publications

Antimicrobial Resistance of Shigella spp. isolated in the State of Pará, Brazil

Antimicrobial Resistance of Shigella spp. isolated in the State of Pará, Brazil

Genotypic Characterization of <i>Shigella</i> Species Isolated from Abattoirs in the North West Province, South Africa Using PCR Analysis

Ribotyping as a Molecular Biological Technique for Studying Diversity in <i>Shigella</i> Isolates - A Review

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