Density, proportion, and dendritic coverage of retinal ganglion cells of the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus jacchus)

Gomes, Francinaldo Lobato; Silveira, Luiz Carlos de Lima; Saito, Cézar Akiyoshi; Yamada, Elizabeth Sumi

doi:10.1590/s0100-879x2005000600014

Cited by 20 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…In the peripheral retina (eccentricities beyond 1.5 mm), 261 nonmidget, nonparasol cells were analyzed. As shown in Figure a, and consistent with previous findings, midget cells consistently had the smallest dendritic fields followed by parasol cells (Ghosh et al, ; Gomes, Silveira, Saito, & Yamada, ; Szmajda et al, ) and small bistratified cells (Ghosh et al, ). The wide‐field cell types all had larger dendritic field sizes than parasol cells.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

Survey of retinal ganglion cell morphology in marmoset

Masri

Percival

Koizumi

et al. 2017

J of Comparative Neurology

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In primate retina, the midget, parasol, and small bistratified cell populations form the large majority of ganglion cells. In addition, there is a variety of low-density wide-field ganglion cell types that are less well characterized. Here we studied retinal ganglion cells in the common marmoset, Callithrix jacchus, using particle-mediated gene transfer. Ganglion cells were transfected with an expression plasmid for the postsynaptic density 95-green fluorescent protein. The retinas were processed with established immunohistochemical markers for bipolar and/or amacrine cells to determine ganglion cell dendritic stratification. In total over 500 ganglion cells were classified based on their dendritic field size, morphology, and stratification in the inner plexiform layer. Over 17 types were distinguished, including midget, parasol, broad thorny, small bistratified, large bistratified, recursive bistratified, recursive monostratified, narrow thorny, smooth monostratified, large sparse, giant sparse (melanopsin) ganglion cells, and a group that may contain several as yet uncharacterized types. Assuming each characterized type forms a hexagonal mosaic, the midget and parasol cells account for over 80% of all ganglion cells in the central retina but only ∼50% of cells in the peripheral (>2 mm) retina. We conclude that the fovea is dominated by midget and parasol cells, but outside the fovea the ganglion cell diversity in marmoset is likely as great as that reported for nonprimate retinas. Taken together, the ganglion cell types in marmoset retina resemble those described previously in macaque retina with respect to morphology, stratification, and change in proportion across the retina.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

Survey of retinal ganglion cell morphology in marmoset

Masri

Percival

Koizumi

et al. 2017

J of Comparative Neurology

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“…Most retinal ganglion cells are of the midget class, and project to the parvocellular layers of the LGN (Goodchild et al, 1996; Gomes et al, 2005; Jusuf et al, 2006a). Within about 10° of the fovea, ON- and OFF-type midget ganglion cells appear to get input from a single midget bipolar cell (Ghosh et al, 1996; Goodchild et al, 1996; Telkes et al, 2008), which in turn receive input from a single cone photoreceptor (Chan et al, 2001).…”

Section: The Marmoset Eyementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ON and OFF parasol ganglion cells form the next most populous class of ganglion cell; these draw on multiple diffuse bipolar cells (Chan et al, 2001; Gomes et al, 2005; Eriköz et al, 2008) and project to the magnocellular layers of the LGN (Szmajda et al, 2008). The number of bipolar cells, and thus cone photoreceptors, converging onto a single midget or parasol ganglion cell increases with distance from the fovea (Jusuf et al, 2006b; Telkes et al, 2008).…”

Section: The Marmoset Eyementioning

confidence: 99%

A simpler primate brain: the visual system of the marmoset monkey

Solomon

Rosa

2014

Front. Neural Circuits.

139

123

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Humans are diurnal primates with high visual acuity at the center of gaze. Although primates share many similarities in the organization of their visual centers with other mammals, and even other species of vertebrates, their visual pathways also show unique features, particularly with respect to the organization of the cerebral cortex. Therefore, in order to understand some aspects of human visual function, we need to study non-human primate brains. Which species is the most appropriate model? Macaque monkeys, the most widely used non-human primates, are not an optimal choice in many practical respects. For example, much of the macaque cerebral cortex is buried within sulci, and is therefore inaccessible to many imaging techniques, and the postnatal development and lifespan of macaques are prohibitively long for many studies of brain maturation, plasticity, and aging. In these and several other respects the marmoset, a small New World monkey, represents a more appropriate choice. Here we review the visual pathways of the marmoset, highlighting recent work that brings these advantages into focus, and identify where additional work needs to be done to link marmoset brain organization to that of macaques and humans. We will argue that the marmoset monkey provides a good subject for studies of a complex visual system, which will likely allow an important bridge linking experiments in animal models to humans.

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“…Immunohistochemistry in avian retinal wholemounts may result in uneven and inhomogeneous labeling because penetration of antibodies is greatly hindered by the considerable thickness of the nerve fiber layer in the central retina and in the vicinity of the pecten. Enzymatic treatment with collagenase has been reported to facilitate antibody penetration by breaking the collagen fibers in the inner limiting membrane in primate retinas [Watanabe and Rodieck, 1989;Yamada et al, 2001;Gomes et al, 2005]. Collagenase treatment of the entire avian retinal wholemount improves antibody penetration at central eccentricities at the expense of digestion of cellular elements at the periphery as the thickness of the nerve fiber layer is considerably thinner in this region [unpubl.…”

Section: Labeling Of Giant Ganglion Cells Using Immunohistochemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Retinal Ganglion Cell Topography and Spatial Resolving Power in Penguins

et al. 2012

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Penguins are a group of flightless seabirds that exhibit numerous morphological, behavioral and ecological adaptations to their amphibious lifestyle, but little is known about the topographic organization of neurons in their retinas. In this study, we used retinal wholemounts and stereological methods to estimate the total number and topographic distribution of retinal ganglion cells in addition to an anatomical estimate of spatial resolving power in two species of penguins: the little penguin, Eudyptula minor, and the king penguin, Aptenodytes patagonicus. The total number of ganglion cells per retina was approximately 1,200,000 in the little penguin and 1,110,000 in the king penguin. The topographic distribution of retinal ganglion cells in both species revealed the presence of a prominent horizontal visual streak with steeper gradients in the little penguin. The little penguin retinas showed ganglion cell density peaks of 21,867 cells/mm², affording spatial resolution in water of 17.07–17.46 cycles/degree (12.81–13.09 cycles/degree in air). In contrast, the king penguin showed a relatively lower peak density of ganglion cells of 14,222 cells/mm², but – due to its larger eye – slightly higher spatial resolution in water of 20.40 cycles/degree (15.30 cycles/degree in air). In addition, we mapped the distribution of giant ganglion cells in both penguin species using Nissl-stained wholemounts. In both species, topographic mapping of this cell type revealed the presence of an area gigantocellularis with a concentric organization of isodensity contours showing a peak in the far temporal retina of approximately 70 cells/mm² in the little penguin and 39 cells/mm² in the king penguin. Giant ganglion cell densities gradually fall towards the outermost isodensity contours revealing the presence of a vertically organized streak. In the little penguin, we confirmed our cytological characterization of giant ganglion cells using immunohistochemistry for microtubule-associated protein 2. This suite of retinal specializations, which is also observed in the closely related procellariiform seabirds, affords the eyes of the little and king penguins panoramic surveillance of the horizon and motion detection in the frontal visual field.

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Density, proportion, and dendritic coverage of retinal ganglion cells of the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus jacchus)

Cited by 20 publications

References 22 publications

Survey of retinal ganglion cell morphology in marmoset

Survey of retinal ganglion cell morphology in marmoset

A simpler primate brain: the visual system of the marmoset monkey

Retinal Ganglion Cell Topography and Spatial Resolving Power in Penguins

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