Long-chain n-3 fatty acids and inflammation: potential application in surgical and trauma patients

Calder, Philip C.

doi:10.1590/s0100-879x2003000400004

Cited by 154 publications

(140 citation statements)

References 67 publications

(64 reference statements)

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“…When fish oil (high n-3 fatty acids) is provided, EPA is incorporated into cell membrane phospholipids at the expense of arachidonic acid, leading to less substrate available for eicosanoid synthesis. 30 In our study, high n-3 fatty acids decreased the production of inflammatory eicosanoids (PGE 2 and LTB 4 ) as compared with the mice ingesting low n-3 fatty acids, which was correlated with amelioration of retinal lesions. An similar result was reported by Ira mete al.…”

Section: Cx3cr1supporting

confidence: 57%

A High Omega-3 Fatty Acid Diet Reduces Retinal Lesions in a Murine Model of Macular Degeneration

Tuo

Ross

Herzlich

et al. 2009

The American Journal of Pathology

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Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is one of the leading cause of blindness among the elderly; however, current therapy options are limited. Epidemiological studies have shown that a diet that is high in -3 polyunsaturated (n-3) fatty acids can slow disease progression in patients with advanced AMD. In this study, we evaluated the effect of such a diet on the retinas of Ccl2 ؊/؊ /Cx3cr1 ؊/؊ mice, a model that develops AMD-like retinal lesions that include focal deep retinal lesions, abnormal retinal pigment epithelium, photoreceptor degeneration, and A2E accumulation. Ccl2 ؊/؊ /Cx3cr1 ؊/؊ mice that ingested a high n-3 fatty acid diet showed a slower progression of retinal lesions compared with the low n-3 fatty acids group. Some mice that were given high levels of n-3 fatty acids had lesion reversion. We found a shunted arachidonic acid metabolism that resulted in decreased pro-inflammatory derivatives (prostaglandin E 2 and leukotriene B 4 ) and an increased antiinflammatory derivative (prostaglandin D 2 ). We also measured lower ocular TNF-␣ and IL-6 transcript levels in the mice fed a diet of high n-3 fatty acids. Our findings in these mice are in line with human studies of AMD risk reduction by long-chain n-3 fatty acids. This murine model provides a useful tool to evaluate therapies that might delay the development of AMD.

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Section: Cx3cr1supporting

confidence: 57%

A High Omega-3 Fatty Acid Diet Reduces Retinal Lesions in a Murine Model of Macular Degeneration

Tuo

Ross

Herzlich

et al. 2009

The American Journal of Pathology

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“…Lipids based on soybean oil (SO) are traditionally used as nutritional support for surgical or critical patients [31,32]. Some studies with normal rats on a SO diet reported an increase in body weight and fat gain as well as an impairment of glucose tolerance [33] and insulin resistance [34,35].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soybean oil treatment impairs glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and changes fatty acid composition of normal and diabetic islets

et al. 2007

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We investigated the effect of sub-chronic soybean oil (SO) treatment on the insulin secretion and fatty acid composition of islets of Langerhans obtained from Goto-Kakizaki (GK), a model of type 2 diabetes, and normal Wistar rats. We observed that soybean-treated Wistar rats present insulin resistance and defective islet insulin secretion when compared with untreated Wistar rats. The decrease in insulin secretion occurred at all concentrations of glucose and arginine tested. Furthermore we observed that soybean-treated normal islets present a significant decrease in two saturated fatty acids, myristic and heneicosanoic acids, and one monounsaturated eicosenoic acid, and the appearance of the monounsaturated erucic acid. Concerning diabetic animals, we observed that soybean-treated diabetic rats, when compared with untreated GK rats, present an increase in plasma non-fasting free fatty acids, an exacerbation of islet insulin secretion impairment in all conditions tested and a significant decrease in the monounsaturated palmitoleic acid. Altogether our results show that SO treatment results in a decrease of insulin secretion and alterations on fatty acid composition in normal and diabetic islets. Furthermore, the impairment of insulin secretion, islet erucic acid and fasting plasma insulin levels are similar in treated normal and untreated diabetic rats, suggesting that SO could have a deleterious effect on β-cell function and insulin sensitivity.

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“…The nature of the fatty acid within membrane phospholipids indeed contributes to membrane fluidity and is likely to play a role in the regulation of membrane protein activity (23). Therefore, the effect of PC fatty acids may affect the activation of inflammatory cells such as macrophages.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, membrane phospholipids are also the source of second messenger molecules, such as diacylglycerol, phosphatidic acid, inositol-1,4,5-triphosphate, ceramide, and arachidonic acid. These molecules signal events originating in the membrane to the cytosol and to the nucleus, eliciting appropriate cell responses (23).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulation of peritoneal macrophage activity by the saturation state of the fatty acid moiety of phosphatidylcholine

Grando

Felício

Twardowschy

et al. 2009

Braz J Med Biol Res

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To determine the effects of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in phosphatidylcholine (PC) on macrophage activity, peritoneal lavage cells were cultured in the presence of phosphatidylcholine rich in saturated or unsaturated fatty acids (sat PC and unsat PC, respectively), both used at concentrations of 32 and 64 μM. The treatment of peritoneal macrophages with 64 μM unsat PC increased the production of hydrogen peroxide by 48.3% compared to control (148.3 ± 16.3 vs 100.0 ± 1.8%, N = 15), and both doses of unsat PC increased adhesion capacity by nearly 50%. Moreover, 64 μM unsat PC decreased neutral red uptake by lysosomes by 32.5% compared to the untreated group (67.5 ± 6.8 vs 100.0 ± 5.5%, N = 15), while both 32 and 64 μM unsat PC decreased the production of lipopolysaccharide-elicited nitric oxide by 30.4% (13.5 ± 2.6 vs 19.4 ± 2.5 μM) and 46.4% (10.4 ± 3.1 vs 19.4 ± 2.5 μM), respectively. Unsat PC did not affect anion production in non-stimulated cells or phagocytosis of unopsonized zymosan particles. A different result pattern was obtained for macrophages treated with sat PC. Phorbol 12-miristate 13-acetate-elicited superoxide production and neutral red uptake were decreased by nearly 25% by 32 and 64 μM sat PC, respectively. Sat PC did not affect nitric oxide or hydrogen peroxide production, adhesion capacity or zymosan phagocytosis. Thus, PC modifies macrophage activity, but this effect depends on cell activation state, fatty acid saturation and esterification to PC molecule and PC concentration. Taken together, these results indicate that the fatty acid moiety of PC modulates macrophage activity and, consequently, is likely to affect immune system regulation in vivo.

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Long-chain n-3 fatty acids and inflammation: potential application in surgical and trauma patients

Abstract: Lipids used in nutritional

Cited by 154 publications

References 67 publications

A High Omega-3 Fatty Acid Diet Reduces Retinal Lesions in a Murine Model of Macular Degeneration

A High Omega-3 Fatty Acid Diet Reduces Retinal Lesions in a Murine Model of Macular Degeneration

Soybean oil treatment impairs glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and changes fatty acid composition of normal and diabetic islets

Modulation of peritoneal macrophage activity by the saturation state of the fatty acid moiety of phosphatidylcholine

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